The path of the knife is the trajectory of the tool in the entire machining process. It not only includes the content of the work step, but also reflects the order of the work process. The route of a knife is one of the basis for writing a program. The following points should be noted when determining the cutting path:
1. Seek the shortest processing route and reduce the time of empty knife to improve processing efficiency
For example, the hole system on the part shown in Figure 1a. In the figure, the tool path is to machine the hole in the outer ring after machining the hole in the outer ring. If you use the cutting path of c, you can save nearly double the positioning time.
a
b
c
Fig. 1 Design of the shortest path
2. In order to ensure the roughness requirements of the workpiece contour surface after processing, the final contour should be arranged in the last pass in a continuous processing
As shown in Fig. 2a, the cutting path of the inner cavity is processed in a line cutting manner. This kind of cutting can cut off the entire margin in the inner cavity, leaving no dead corner and no damage to the outline. However, the line cutting method will leave a residual height between the start point and the end point of the two passes, but not the required surface roughness. Therefore, if the cutting path of the b-chart is adopted, the first line cutting method is used, and finally a circumferential knife is cut around the surface to smooth the surface of the profile and a good effect can be obtained. Figure 2c is also a better way to go.
a
b
c
Figure 2 Three cutting paths for milling the cavity
3. Consider the route of entering and retracting (cut in, cut out) the tool
The cut-out point or cutting-in point of the tool should be along the tangent of the contour of the part to ensure the smooth contour of the workpiece; it should avoid vertically scratching the surface of the workpiece on the contour surface of the workpiece; minimize the pause in the contour machining cutting process. (Sudden change in cutting force causes elastic deformation), so as not to leave a knife mark, as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 The extension of the tool when cutting in and out
4. Select the route to make the workpiece deform after processing
For thin or thin parts with small cross-sectional area, the cutting path should be arranged by several passes to the final size or symmetrical removal margin method.
5. First arrange for less damage to the workpiece
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