Under the encouragement of policies, the pursuit of interests, and the temptation of resources, many domestic companies, including chemical companies, are setting off a new round of “gold rushes†for the capital’s westward advancement, which has quickly led to the development of western mineral resources, but it is also The sustainable development of mineral resources in the west and the fragile ecological environment have caused great threats, which should attract the attention of our government and enterprises.
There are three main reasons for the upsurge in the development of western mineral resources:
First, it is optimistic about the potential value of potential resources in the west. With the increase of investment and efforts in the exploration of mineral resources in the west, the value of the potential resources in the west is also rising. At the beginning of 2007, the industry’s economic value of underground resources in Tibet was estimated at 650.4 billion yuan, but only a few months later it rose to more than 1 trillion yuan. And with the deepening of geological exploration work, this figure may double.
Second, the improvement of the traffic conditions has increased the heat of mineral resources development in the west. After the completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the cost of transportation of mineral products shipped from Tibet dropped by more than 20%, and the total cost decreased by 30%. The improvement of infrastructure not only provided basic conditions for Tibet to transform its resource advantages into economic advantages, but also made it possible to develop large-scale advantageous mineral species with relatively low tastes. Some large-scale mining groups in the country, including some large chemical companies, have turned their sights on the high-altitude deposits that few people are interested in.
Third, the development of western regions and the unregulated conduct of the mining order caused a large influx of eastern individual capital. Due to the general economic backwardness of the western provinces and regions, many local governments only paid attention to the immediate interests when attracting investment, while neglecting the sustainable development of mining development, resulting in the proliferation of unqualified individual capital. These capitals are highly profitable, and they tend to focus on immediate interests and use rich mineral resources to abandon poverty.
With abundant resource advantages and improvement of basic conditions, more and more capital has been injected into the western region. From the current development trend, western mining development has just begun, and it is foreseen that a larger development boom will follow, but it is under development. The difficulties we face cannot be ignored either.
The first is that the current level of mineral exploration in the western region is still very low, and the proportion of recoverable reserves is small. For example, with the exception of a few mining areas, the level of geological exploration in Tibet is low, and less than 1% of the minerals have been found in geological mines, and only 15% of existing mining mines have done geological work, and only 10% of mines The geological reserves that are mined by the enterprise are evaluated by the mineral reserves department. The same is true of Qinghai Province, another western province with great resources.
Secondly, in the western region, especially in Qinghai and Tibet, most of the deposits below 4,000 meters above sea level have been basically occupied by “staking racesâ€, while most of the remaining mineral resources are located in high-altitude areas, which are costly to exploit and ecologically protected. More difficult. In addition, the surrounding area of ​​these areas is mostly ethnic minority areas. There is a lot of “Shengshan Holy Waterâ€. If the development of the mine is not well handled with local ethnic relations, it is easy to stimulate ethnic conflicts.
On the one hand, the development of the mining industry is conducive to promoting the economic and social development in the west. On the other hand, due to the fragile ecological environment in the western region, especially the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the major source of rivers and rivers in China, once it has embarked on the unregulated development of the mining industry in the eastern and central regions. The old road, its influence will be devastating. In response to this situation, the author suggests:
First, the state should implement a more stringent mining access system in the western region. At present, the proportion of medium and small capital in western mining development is obviously too large. There are many problems such as large number of enterprises, small and scattered enterprises, large or small mines, and multiple mines. As a result, the scale advantages of western mineral resources cannot be fully exerted, which severely restricts Intensive use of mineral resources. For the small and medium-sized mining capital that moves westwards, the relevant state departments should consciously regulate and control, encourage capital to enter the field of mineral exploration, limit access to the field of mining, increase investment in extensive exploration, and make capital smaller and smaller, allowing resources to flow .
The second is to regulate the order of mining development and integrate mineral resources. In the western region, in particular, small-scale mining enterprises should be integrated to support the development of large and medium-sized mining groups. The integration process should not adopt simple administrative measures. Instead, economic, legal, and necessary administrative means should be used in a comprehensive manner. Through equal consultation among enterprises, acquisitions, equity participations, mergers, etc., should be adopted. In order to achieve the goal of adjusting the layout of mine development, realizing the scale and intensive development of resources, forming enterprise groups with diversified products and strong anti-risk capabilities, organically combining mineral exploration and development with economic development.
Third, the development of the western mining industry should adopt the “professional, refined, special, and new†approach. As Western mining development is relatively costly and conditions are more difficult, it is necessary to control the mining period in an orderly manner, highlight the adjustment of mineral product structure and technical structure, change the status quo of primary products such as raw ore, and use new technologies. New technologies, new methods, and development of high-tech, high value-added, and competitive specialty products to form a unique industrial chain with resource advantages and competitive advantages, so that the enormous economic value embodied in advantageous resources can be fully realized.
Fourth, western mining development should pay more attention to environmental degradation. Environmental supervision departments must strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system, land reclamation system and sewage charges. In addition to carrying out environmental impact assessments on newly constructed, reconstructed, and expanded mines, geological hazard assessment must also be carried out; for mines that have been closed and abandoned mines, it is necessary to strengthen ecological restoration and land reclamation. The land and resources department must strictly comply with the requirements of the environmental access system, and strictly control the issuance of mineral resources and the approval and issuance of mining rights. Encourage mining enterprises to adopt clean production technologies and actively promote the harmless work of the comprehensive utilization of the “three wastes†of mines and the impact of mineral production on the surrounding environment. Encourage increased funding for environmental protection and actively explore the establishment of a system for the implementation of mining deposits for environmental protection and land reclamation.
The fifth is to increase the degree of mining mechanization and eliminate backward production processes and equipment. At present, many individual capital mine developers only pay attention to profit and do not pay attention to technological innovation, which is very detrimental to the sustainable development of mines. For the high-energy-consuming and highly-polluting technical equipment that the state has ordered to be phased out, the relevant departments must supervise and resolutely eliminate them in place. Western mining enterprises should speed up the pace of technological transformation and actively adopt advanced, practical, and reliable technical equipment. This is also the conditions for the entry of new capital.
There are three main reasons for the upsurge in the development of western mineral resources:
First, it is optimistic about the potential value of potential resources in the west. With the increase of investment and efforts in the exploration of mineral resources in the west, the value of the potential resources in the west is also rising. At the beginning of 2007, the industry’s economic value of underground resources in Tibet was estimated at 650.4 billion yuan, but only a few months later it rose to more than 1 trillion yuan. And with the deepening of geological exploration work, this figure may double.
Second, the improvement of the traffic conditions has increased the heat of mineral resources development in the west. After the completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the cost of transportation of mineral products shipped from Tibet dropped by more than 20%, and the total cost decreased by 30%. The improvement of infrastructure not only provided basic conditions for Tibet to transform its resource advantages into economic advantages, but also made it possible to develop large-scale advantageous mineral species with relatively low tastes. Some large-scale mining groups in the country, including some large chemical companies, have turned their sights on the high-altitude deposits that few people are interested in.
Third, the development of western regions and the unregulated conduct of the mining order caused a large influx of eastern individual capital. Due to the general economic backwardness of the western provinces and regions, many local governments only paid attention to the immediate interests when attracting investment, while neglecting the sustainable development of mining development, resulting in the proliferation of unqualified individual capital. These capitals are highly profitable, and they tend to focus on immediate interests and use rich mineral resources to abandon poverty.
With abundant resource advantages and improvement of basic conditions, more and more capital has been injected into the western region. From the current development trend, western mining development has just begun, and it is foreseen that a larger development boom will follow, but it is under development. The difficulties we face cannot be ignored either.
The first is that the current level of mineral exploration in the western region is still very low, and the proportion of recoverable reserves is small. For example, with the exception of a few mining areas, the level of geological exploration in Tibet is low, and less than 1% of the minerals have been found in geological mines, and only 15% of existing mining mines have done geological work, and only 10% of mines The geological reserves that are mined by the enterprise are evaluated by the mineral reserves department. The same is true of Qinghai Province, another western province with great resources.
Secondly, in the western region, especially in Qinghai and Tibet, most of the deposits below 4,000 meters above sea level have been basically occupied by “staking racesâ€, while most of the remaining mineral resources are located in high-altitude areas, which are costly to exploit and ecologically protected. More difficult. In addition, the surrounding area of ​​these areas is mostly ethnic minority areas. There is a lot of “Shengshan Holy Waterâ€. If the development of the mine is not well handled with local ethnic relations, it is easy to stimulate ethnic conflicts.
On the one hand, the development of the mining industry is conducive to promoting the economic and social development in the west. On the other hand, due to the fragile ecological environment in the western region, especially the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the major source of rivers and rivers in China, once it has embarked on the unregulated development of the mining industry in the eastern and central regions. The old road, its influence will be devastating. In response to this situation, the author suggests:
First, the state should implement a more stringent mining access system in the western region. At present, the proportion of medium and small capital in western mining development is obviously too large. There are many problems such as large number of enterprises, small and scattered enterprises, large or small mines, and multiple mines. As a result, the scale advantages of western mineral resources cannot be fully exerted, which severely restricts Intensive use of mineral resources. For the small and medium-sized mining capital that moves westwards, the relevant state departments should consciously regulate and control, encourage capital to enter the field of mineral exploration, limit access to the field of mining, increase investment in extensive exploration, and make capital smaller and smaller, allowing resources to flow .
The second is to regulate the order of mining development and integrate mineral resources. In the western region, in particular, small-scale mining enterprises should be integrated to support the development of large and medium-sized mining groups. The integration process should not adopt simple administrative measures. Instead, economic, legal, and necessary administrative means should be used in a comprehensive manner. Through equal consultation among enterprises, acquisitions, equity participations, mergers, etc., should be adopted. In order to achieve the goal of adjusting the layout of mine development, realizing the scale and intensive development of resources, forming enterprise groups with diversified products and strong anti-risk capabilities, organically combining mineral exploration and development with economic development.
Third, the development of the western mining industry should adopt the “professional, refined, special, and new†approach. As Western mining development is relatively costly and conditions are more difficult, it is necessary to control the mining period in an orderly manner, highlight the adjustment of mineral product structure and technical structure, change the status quo of primary products such as raw ore, and use new technologies. New technologies, new methods, and development of high-tech, high value-added, and competitive specialty products to form a unique industrial chain with resource advantages and competitive advantages, so that the enormous economic value embodied in advantageous resources can be fully realized.
Fourth, western mining development should pay more attention to environmental degradation. Environmental supervision departments must strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system, land reclamation system and sewage charges. In addition to carrying out environmental impact assessments on newly constructed, reconstructed, and expanded mines, geological hazard assessment must also be carried out; for mines that have been closed and abandoned mines, it is necessary to strengthen ecological restoration and land reclamation. The land and resources department must strictly comply with the requirements of the environmental access system, and strictly control the issuance of mineral resources and the approval and issuance of mining rights. Encourage mining enterprises to adopt clean production technologies and actively promote the harmless work of the comprehensive utilization of the “three wastes†of mines and the impact of mineral production on the surrounding environment. Encourage increased funding for environmental protection and actively explore the establishment of a system for the implementation of mining deposits for environmental protection and land reclamation.
The fifth is to increase the degree of mining mechanization and eliminate backward production processes and equipment. At present, many individual capital mine developers only pay attention to profit and do not pay attention to technological innovation, which is very detrimental to the sustainable development of mines. For the high-energy-consuming and highly-polluting technical equipment that the state has ordered to be phased out, the relevant departments must supervise and resolutely eliminate them in place. Western mining enterprises should speed up the pace of technological transformation and actively adopt advanced, practical, and reliable technical equipment. This is also the conditions for the entry of new capital.
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