I. Status of China's Energy-saving Automobile Engines
The main forms of research and development of automobile engines in China are: independent research and development by the enterprise—independent engine production companies; commissioned or developed in cooperation with foreign technology companies—mostly self-branded vehicle companies or engine companies; the introduction of advanced technologies, digestion, absorption, and improvement—joint ventures Business-oriented.
The necessity of research and development of energy-saving automotive engines: The energy consumption of vehicles in China is becoming increasingly urgent. From 2000 to the present, the number of vehicles in China has increased at an average annual rate of more than 10%. In 2008, the number of vehicle ownership reached 49.75 million, and the vehicle fuel consumption The proportion of oil consumption increased year by year, reaching 34.12% at the end of 2007. China's automobile engine quality and reliability have made great progress, but the energy-saving emission reduction technology of the engine is far lower than the advanced level in foreign countries. The average fuel consumption is higher than the foreign engine by more than 10%. The research and development of energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies for automotive engines is also a requirement for domestic auto companies to participate in international competition and move toward the international market. China's auto fuel economy standards and emission regulations are increasingly strict. It is necessary for auto and engine companies to make some technical reserves for energy conservation and emission reduction.
There are problems in the research and development of energy-saving automobile engines: China's automobile and engine companies have not yet developed an effective development model for energy-saving automobile engines, and their accumulated experience is also relatively small; due to the lag in research and development of new energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies for automobile engines in China, every new The implementation of energy-saving emission reduction standards, the independent brand enterprises have to rely on foreign technology, and therefore pay too much of the cost; for advanced, cutting-edge energy-saving emission reduction technology, domestic companies due to capacity constraints, can only be imitated; policy level is also Lack of effective support measures.
Second, China's key development of energy-saving technologies for automotive engines
There are three ways to solve the shortage of vehicle energy. They are the development of energy-saving vehicles (adjusting the structure of automotive products, adopting automotive energy-saving technologies, promoting the use of automotive fuel consumption standards, and improving transportation efficiency), and developing new energy vehicles (hybrid, pure electric vehicles, Fuel cell vehicles) Develop alternative fuel vehicles (gas fuels, biomass-based liquid fuels, coal-based liquid fuels, hydrogen).
Combination of technology energy saving and structural energy saving: Adopting energy-saving technologies (high-tech engine technology, transmission and drive technology, vehicle design optimization technology, and lightweight technology) to optimize product structure (small-displacement passenger cars, diesel passenger cars) to achieve reduction The target of vehicle fuel consumption.
The key energy-saving technologies for automotive engines in China include: electronically controlled high pressure technology for diesel engines, supercharged intercooling technology, multi-valve and EGR technology, heavy-duty diesel engine SCR technology, direct injection technology for gasoline engines, advanced gas-filled technology, and high-efficiency combustion technology. General-purpose energy-saving technologies have reduced friction and use low-power accessories.
Third, the development goals of China's energy-saving automotive engine technology research and development
Energy-saving technologies for diesel engines R&D objectives: Near-term goals include the use of supercharged technology, improved turbocharger (intercooled) technology, independent research and development and production of advanced supercharging technology, promotion of electronically controlled injection technology, and acceleration of electronically controlled injection system hardware And independent development capabilities of calibration technology, diesel engine emission levels have reached country IV; development power is greater than 30kW/L heavy-duty diesel engine and greater than 40kW/L light diesel engine; introduction of advanced post-processing technology and research and development, to accelerate the SCR and DPF post-processing technology application. The long-term goal is to fully adopt high-voltage electronically controlled fuel injection and master the core technology of the electronic control system; medium-heavy engine power up to 35kW/L, light diesel engine up to 50kW/L, and minimum fuel consumption up to 190g/kW.h (3 ~8L) and 188g/kW.h (above 8L); Grasp the advanced diesel engine post-processing technology, and be able to achieve complete localization; Diesel HCCI combustion technology to achieve in a larger range of conditions.
Gasoline engine energy-saving technology research and development target: The recent development goal is to encourage the development and production of small-displacement gasoline engines with a power of 55kW/L or more; to adopt a multi-valve technology, to promote the variable valve technology, and to increase the application of booster technology; The proportion of variable technologies has increased to 45%; some mid-to-high-end vehicles use supercharging technology.
To promote the use of advanced technologies such as direct injection of gasoline, the market share of mid-to-high-end cars with direct gasoline injection technology in China reached 2% in 2012, reducing the consumption of gasoline by approximately 0.3% annually. The long-term development targets include booster direct injection gasoline engine power 70kW/L or more; gasoline engine fuel consumption rate 20% reduction; multi-valve technology and valve variable technology fully adopted; booster technology adoption rate increased to 40%, direct injection technology The adoption rate accounts for 20%, and it grasps the core technology of gasoline direct injection; the development of variable compression ratio technology and cylinder deactivation technology promote the practical application of HCCI technology. Extensive use of energy-saving accessories.
General Purpose Energy-Saving Technology R&D Targets for Engines: In 2012, the company promoted R&D of engine friction reduction and promoted the use of low-energy accessories by boosting fuel consumption rate standards. In 2020, low-energy accessories will be fully adopted to reduce internal engine friction and reduce engine fuel consumption by 5%.
IV. Policies and Measures for Energy-saving Automobile Engine R&D
Technical Measures: The research and development of key technologies and spare parts for energy-saving and new energy vehicles will be included in the national science and technology plan, giving priority support. The establishment of an energy-saving and new-energy automotive industry alliance will focus on conquering key technologies and promoting industrialization. It will establish driving conditions consistent with China's actual conditions and driving conditions for specific regions and specific models, and promote the improvement of fuel economy. Formulate and improve technical standards and regulations for energy-saving and new energy vehicles as soon as possible.
Management measures: Actively research and formulate phased incentives and binding policies, and gradually increase the proportion of energy-saving and new energy automotive products in the product structure of production enterprises. Carry out the "Automotive Fuel Consumption Publicity" system as soon as possible and implement the "Car Fuel Consumption Label" national standard. Formulate the "Management of Consistency in Motor Fuel Consumption Production" approach and implement production consistency management. Research and formulate the CAFC system that can comprehensively manage energy conservation in production and products of enterprises. Government procurement should include a certain percentage of energy-saving and new energy vehicles.
Fiscal and taxation measures: The state adopts subsidies and tax incentives to promote the development of new energy vehicles such as pure electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles. Establish a fiscal, reward, and penalty system based on the automotive fuel economy standards. Taxpayers are required to implement standard tax rates for auto products that meet national standards; tax rates are reduced by grades for auto products that are superior to national standards; and tax rates are increased by grades for auto products that are lower than national standards. Establish a punitive special purpose tax linked to the fuel economy of vehicles: Penalties are imposed on vehicles that do not meet the required standards, and they are granted production and import after they have paid the corresponding fines, as well as on-licensing and registered use. The establishment of such an objective tax is to effectively resolve some difficult-to-coordinate conflicts between the goal of energy conservation and consumption reduction and market demand without increasing the national fiscal expenditure.
V. Research and Development Suggestions for Enterprises
With the increasingly tense energy issues, the issue of energy conservation will be an important theme for the development of the automobile industry in the future. Automobile companies, engine companies, and upstream component companies should fully recognize the importance of this issue and attach importance to the research and development of energy-saving car engines. And there must be a corresponding technical reserve; research and development of energy-saving automotive engine technology related to the development of China's auto industry should be based on independent development, if you need to joint research and development with foreign companies, domestic enterprises should have autonomy, have the relevant technology of intellectual property rights .
The research and development of energy-saving automobile engines often require a lot of experience, a long development cycle, and requires a lot of manpower and capital investment. Enterprises can carry out joint research on a certain topic and share technology. “Production, education and research†is a good form of research and development. Attention and promotion have been given; the energy-saving technology of automotive engines is a systematic project, and the single technological advances often lead to an insignificant overall energy-saving effect. It is recommended that companies treat them as an overall system in order to achieve comprehensive application of various energy-saving technologies. energy saving effect.
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