China Drying Network On December 27, 2013, at the 2014 Shanxi Coke (International) Trading Center Market Summit Forum and Coke Fair held in Taiyuan, the coke price index (CSPI) for November 2013 was published at 81.20 points. This is the first release of the Coke Price Index (CSPI) in China.
It is reported that since the operation of the Shanxi Coke (International) Trading Center for one year, various types of dealers have registered for registration in the market and actively participated in the coke spot transaction. Both the number of dealers and the volume of transactions have made breakthrough progress. This year, the total turnover of the annual contract of all the dealers of the Coke Trading Center was 381, with a total turnover of 49 million tons. The cumulative turnover of the monthly contract was 11,300, and the total transaction volume was 141 million tons.
The Shanxi Coke (International) Trading Center was jointly initiated by the provincial coke group, together with large backbone coking enterprises inside and outside the province and a total of 33 shareholder companies representing a representative domestic steel company. As of December 23, the number of registered dealers in the Shanxi Coke Trading Center has reached 1,187, of which 923 are regular traders, including 179 manufacturing companies, 445 trading companies, and 299 end users. The coking enterprises in the province have all registered at the trading center. The domestic steel users such as Shougang, Tiangang, Hegang, Baosteel, and Shandong Steel have already entered the market for trading.
In 2013, it was the first year of the official operation of the trading center. Focusing on the goal of “regulating the market and discovering prices,†the Center strives to promote the six major issues of electronic trading services, contract management and price discovery, network management and information sharing, capacity coordination and logistics services, financial services, full-service and dispute resolution. The realization of service function. Successfully launched two kinds of electronic transaction modes: "collective ordering" and "daily solicitation transaction", which enabled traders to freely choose trading modes, sign electronic contracts online at any time, and complete the convergence of electronic transactions and highway transportation management systems.
Thrust Ball Bearings
Thrust ball bearings are separable and their limit rotational speed is low.
Structures:
1.51000 type single-direction thrust ball bearings, this type of bearing can only accommodate axial load on one direction and can control the axial movement on one direction of the shaft and housing.
2.52000 type double-direction thrust ball bearings, this type of bearings can accommodate axial load on double direction and can control the axial movement on double direction of shaft and housing.
3. 560000 type thrust angular-contact Ball Bearing, as this structure can carry axial load and radial simultaneously.
Cage materials
When the outside diameter is equal or lesser than250mm, thrust ball bearings generally adopt pressed steel sheet cages, when the outside diameter is more than250mm,it will adopt solid cages.
Minimum axial load
When the Thrust Ball Bearing is operating, if the applied axial load is too small, the axial direction is not tightly pressed, then acted by centrifugal force, the steel ball will slip and displace and destroy the normal operation of the bearings. To avoid the occurrence of such case, an axial load, Famin must be applied when the thrust ball bearings is working. The calculating formula is:
In the equation, Famin Minimum axial load (kN)
A Minimum load constant
N Revolution (r/min)
Minimum load constant A is showing in the bearings dimension table. If the applied axial load is small, a spring must be used to preload the bearing.
Permissible tilt angle
The double supporting surface of thrust ball bearings should be parallel. The axis center line should be square with shell supporting surface, if this is not assured, it can compensate by adopting spherical housing washer and self-aligning washer.
Tolerance
The tolerance value of thrust ball bearings is showing in the section [the tolerance of rolling bearing".
Dynamic equivalent axial load
Whenα=90°,thrust ball bearings can only carry axial load and its dynamic equivalent axial load is: Pa=Fa
Whenα≠90, acted by constant and invariable radial and axial loads, the dynamic equivalent axial load is: Pa=XFr+YFa
See Annex Table 1 for the coefficients of X and Y.
Static equivalent axial load
Whenα=90°, the static equivalent axial load is: P0a=Fa;
Whenα≠90°, the static equivalent axial load is: P0a=2.3Frtanα+Fa.
Where: For double-direction bearings, this equation is applicable to the status when the ration of radial load and axial load is an arbitrary value; for single-direction bearings, when Fr/Fa≤0.44ctgα, the equation is reliable; when, the Fr/Fa＞0.67ctgα, the equation can still give satisfactory P0avalue, but not very conservative.
Table 1 Value of X and Y
|
α1) |
Single-direction Bearings2) |
Double-direction Bearings |
e |
||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
X |
Y |
X |
Y |
X |
Y |
||
|
45º 3) 50º 55º 60º 65º 70º 75º 80º 85º |
0.66 0.73 0.81 0.92 1.06 1.28 1.66 2.43 4.8 |
1 |
1.18 1.37 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.9 3.89 5.86 11.75 |
0.59 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.52 0.51 |
0.66 0.73 0.81 0.92 1.06 1.28 1.66 2.43 4.8 |
1 |
1.25 1.49 1.79 2.17 2.68 3.43 4.67 7.09 14.29 |
|
α≠90º |
1.25tanα×
(1- |
|
(1- |
(1- |
1.25tanα×
(1- |
|
1.25tanα |
Notes: 1) For α`s medium value, use linear interpolation to calculate the values of X, Y and e.
2) Fa/ Fr≤e is not applicable to single-direction bearings.
3) For thrust bearings withα>45°, use interpolation method to calculate the value of whenα=45°.
Thrust Ball Bearing
One Row Thrust Ball Bearing,Two Row Thrust Ball Bearing,Angular Contact Thrust Ball Bearing,Aligning Housing Ring Thrust Ball Bearing
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