The actual transformer is always operating in an AC state and the power loss is not only in the resistance of the coil but also in the core under the magnetization of the alternating current. The power loss in the iron core is usually called "iron loss." The iron loss is caused by two factors. One is "hysteresis loss" and the other is "eddy current loss."
The hysteresis loss is the core loss caused by hysteresis in the magnetization process. The magnitude of this loss is proportional to the area surrounded by the hysteresis loop of the material. The hysteresis loop of silicon steel is narrow, and the hysteresis loss of the iron core of the transformer is small, which can greatly reduce the degree of heat generation.
Since silicon steel has the above advantages, why not use a whole piece of silicon steel as a core, but also to process it into sheets?
This is because the sheet iron core can reduce another kind of iron loss - "eddy current loss." When the transformer is working, there is an alternating current in the coil, and the magnetic flux it generates is of course alternating. This changing flux creates induced currents in the core. The induced current generated in the iron core circulates in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic flux, so it is called eddy current. Eddy current losses also cause the iron core to heat up. In order to reduce the eddy current loss, the transformer core is laminated with silicon steel sheets insulated from each other, so that the eddy currents in the narrow loop, through a smaller cross-section, to increase the resistance of the eddy current path; at the same time, silicon in silicon steel makes The increased resistivity of the material also acts to reduce eddy currents.
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