1. Abnormal phenomenon in transformer operation?
1.1 When the transformer runs, such as oil leakage, high or low oil level, abnormal temperature, abnormal sound and abnormal cooling system, etc., it should be resolved as soon as possible.
1.3 The internal sound of the transformer is very loud, abnormal, and crackling; the temperature is abnormal and keeps rising; the fuel tank or the safe airway is used for fuel injection; serious oil leakage makes the oil level 1.4 when the oil temperature of the transformer is found high, and When the oil level due to its oil temperature is significantly reduced, fuel should be added immediately. Observe the regulations when refueling. If the oil level drops rapidly due to a large amount of oil leakage, the gas protection should be changed to operate only on the signal, and measures to plug the oil spill must be taken quickly and immediately. ?
1.5 If the oil level of the transformer rises gradually due to temperature increase, if the oil level at the maximum temperature may be higher than the oil level indicator, the oil should be drained to reduce the oil level to an appropriate level to avoid oil spillage.
2. Check of transformer operation?
2.1 Check if the upper oil temperature of the transformer exceeds the allowable range. Due to different transformer load size, cooling conditions and seasons, the transformer in operation can not be based on the upper layer oil temperature does not exceed the allowable value, but also based on past operating experience and under the above conditions compared with the previous oil temperature. If the oil temperature suddenly increases, check whether the cooling device is normal, whether the oil circulation is damaged, etc., to determine whether there is a fault inside the transformer.
2.2 check the oil, it should be transparent, micro-yellow, which can determine the quality of the oil. The oil level should meet the standard line of ambient temperature. If the oil level is too low, check whether the transformer leaks oil. If the oil level is too high, check the use of the cooling device and if there is an internal fault.
2.3 The sound of the transformer should be normal. In normal operation, there is generally a uniform electromagnetic sound. If the sound has changed, it should be carefully examined and the shift dispatcher should be reported promptly and requested by the overhaul unit. ?
2.4 Whether the casing is clean, and whether the power supply and the oil pump meet the operational requirements. Check the casing for cleanliness, presence of cracks and discharge marks, and the cooling device should be normal. Work, backup power, and oil pumps should meet operational requirements and more. ?
2.5 When the weather changes, special inspections should be focused on. Check whether there is severe swing in the lead wire when the wind is strong, and there should be no sundries at the transformer top cover and the casing lead; in the heavy snow days, the contacts of the various parts should not be melted or discharged immediately after snowfall; in heavy fog days, there should be no spark discharge in each part. Phenomenon and so on. ?
3, transformer accident handling?
In order to correctly handle the accident, it is necessary to grasp the following conditions: 1 system operation mode, load status, load type; 2 transformer upper oil temperature, temperature rise and voltage conditions; 3 weather conditions at the time of the accident; 4 whether the transformer around the repair and other work 5 whether the operation personnel have operations; 6 whether the system has operations; 7 what kind of protection actions, accident phenomena and so on. Here are some common major faults as follows:
3.1 winding failure. There are mainly short circuits in windings, grounding of windings, short-circuits between phases, breakages, and open joints. The causes of these failures are the following: 1 During the manufacture or overhaul, the partial insulation is damaged, leaving behind defects. 2 In operation, due to poor heat dissipation or long-term overload, debris may fall into the winding, causing excessive temperature aging. 3 poor manufacturing process, pressing is not tight, the mechanical strength can not withstand short-circuit impact, so that the winding deformation insulation damage. 4 The winding is damp, insulation expansion blocks the oil passage, causing local overheating. 5 Insulation oil is mixed with water and deteriorated, or the area in contact with air is too large, so that the acid value of the oil is too high or the oil level is too low, and some windings are exposed to air and cannot be treated in time. ?
Due to the above reasons, an insulation breakdown occurs in operation, resulting in a short circuit or ground fault of the winding. The fault phenomenon in the short circuit between turns is that the oil temperature of the transformer overheats, the current on the power supply side increases slightly, the DC resistance of each phase is unbalanced, and sometimes there are buzzing noises and buzzing sounds in the oil. A slight turn-to-turn short circuit can cause a gas protection action; in severe cases, differential protection or overcurrent protection at the power supply side can also act. It was found that the short circuit between windings should be dealt with in a timely manner, because the short circuit between turns of windings often leads to more serious faults such as single-phase grounding or phase-to-phase short circuit. ?
3.2 casing failure. Common causes of such failures are blown up, flashovers and oil leaks. The reasons are: 1 poor sealing, and poor insulation ratio; 2 improper respirator configuration or inhalation of water not treated in time. ?
3.3 tap switch failure. The common faults are surface melting and burns, phase-to-phase contact discharges, or discharges at various taps. The main reasons are: 1 Loose connection screws; 2 Inadequate and improper adjustment of the load adjustment device; 3 Insulation of the insulation plate of the tap joint; 4 Insufficient solder connection, poor contact, poor manufacturing process, insufficient spring pressure; High, the contact surface of the tap changer is corroded. ?
3.4 Core failure. Most of the iron core faults are caused by the insulation damage of the iron core column core screw or the iron wheel clamping screw. The consequences may cause two points of connection between the core piercing screw and the iron core lamination stack, causing partial heating due to circulation. It even caused partial melting of the iron core. It may also cause partial short-circuit of the iron core laminations, resulting in eddy current overheating, causing damage to the insulating layer between the laminations, increasing the loss of no-load in the transformer and degrading the insulating oil.
In the event of a fault in the operation of the transformer, the core shall be checked if it is found to be a failure of the winding or the core. First measure the DC resistance of each phase winding and compare them. If the difference is large, then the winding is faulty. Then the appearance of the core was checked, and then the inter-sheet insulation resistance was measured using a DC voltage and current meter method. If damage is minor, paint it at the damaged area.
3.5 gas protection fault. Gas protection is the main protection of the transformer, light gas acts on the signal, and heavy gas acts on the trip. ?
3.5.1 Signals after light gas protection actions. The reason for this is that there are minor faults inside the transformer, air inside the transformer, and secondary circuit faults. The operating personnel should check immediately and if no abnormalities are found, gas sampling analysis should be performed. ?
3.5.2 When the gas protection action trips, there may be a serious internal fault in the transformer, causing the oil to decompose a large amount of gas, and may also cause secondary circuit failures. When a gas protection trip occurs, the standby transformer should be put in first and then checked externally. Check the explosion-proof door of the oil pillow, whether each welding seam is cracked, and whether the transformer shell is deformed; finally check the flammability of the gas.
When the transformer is tripping automatically, it is necessary to check the protection operation and perform external inspection. If it is detected not as an internal fault but as an external fault (pass-through fault) or due to a malfunction of a person, it may be put into power transmission without internal inspection. If the differential protection action is taken, all the equipment in this protection range should be checked. ?
In addition, transformer fire is also a dangerous accident, because the transformer has many flammable substances. If it is not treated in time, it may explode or expand the fire. The main reason for the transformer's ignition is: the casing is broken and flicker, the oil flows out under the pressure of the oil pillow and burns on the top cover; the internal fault of the transformer breaks the shell or the radiator, and the burning transformer oil overflows. In the event of such an accident, transformer protection should act to break the circuit breaker. If the circuit breaker is not disconnected for any reason, use manual to immediately open the circuit breaker, open the disconnector that may lead to the transformer power supply, and stop the cooling device.
1.1 When the transformer runs, such as oil leakage, high or low oil level, abnormal temperature, abnormal sound and abnormal cooling system, etc., it should be resolved as soon as possible.
1.3 The internal sound of the transformer is very loud, abnormal, and crackling; the temperature is abnormal and keeps rising; the fuel tank or the safe airway is used for fuel injection; serious oil leakage makes the oil level 1.4 when the oil temperature of the transformer is found high, and When the oil level due to its oil temperature is significantly reduced, fuel should be added immediately. Observe the regulations when refueling. If the oil level drops rapidly due to a large amount of oil leakage, the gas protection should be changed to operate only on the signal, and measures to plug the oil spill must be taken quickly and immediately. ?
1.5 If the oil level of the transformer rises gradually due to temperature increase, if the oil level at the maximum temperature may be higher than the oil level indicator, the oil should be drained to reduce the oil level to an appropriate level to avoid oil spillage.
2. Check of transformer operation?
2.1 Check if the upper oil temperature of the transformer exceeds the allowable range. Due to different transformer load size, cooling conditions and seasons, the transformer in operation can not be based on the upper layer oil temperature does not exceed the allowable value, but also based on past operating experience and under the above conditions compared with the previous oil temperature. If the oil temperature suddenly increases, check whether the cooling device is normal, whether the oil circulation is damaged, etc., to determine whether there is a fault inside the transformer.
2.2 check the oil, it should be transparent, micro-yellow, which can determine the quality of the oil. The oil level should meet the standard line of ambient temperature. If the oil level is too low, check whether the transformer leaks oil. If the oil level is too high, check the use of the cooling device and if there is an internal fault.
2.3 The sound of the transformer should be normal. In normal operation, there is generally a uniform electromagnetic sound. If the sound has changed, it should be carefully examined and the shift dispatcher should be reported promptly and requested by the overhaul unit. ?
2.4 Whether the casing is clean, and whether the power supply and the oil pump meet the operational requirements. Check the casing for cleanliness, presence of cracks and discharge marks, and the cooling device should be normal. Work, backup power, and oil pumps should meet operational requirements and more. ?
2.5 When the weather changes, special inspections should be focused on. Check whether there is severe swing in the lead wire when the wind is strong, and there should be no sundries at the transformer top cover and the casing lead; in the heavy snow days, the contacts of the various parts should not be melted or discharged immediately after snowfall; in heavy fog days, there should be no spark discharge in each part. Phenomenon and so on. ?
3, transformer accident handling?
In order to correctly handle the accident, it is necessary to grasp the following conditions: 1 system operation mode, load status, load type; 2 transformer upper oil temperature, temperature rise and voltage conditions; 3 weather conditions at the time of the accident; 4 whether the transformer around the repair and other work 5 whether the operation personnel have operations; 6 whether the system has operations; 7 what kind of protection actions, accident phenomena and so on. Here are some common major faults as follows:
3.1 winding failure. There are mainly short circuits in windings, grounding of windings, short-circuits between phases, breakages, and open joints. The causes of these failures are the following: 1 During the manufacture or overhaul, the partial insulation is damaged, leaving behind defects. 2 In operation, due to poor heat dissipation or long-term overload, debris may fall into the winding, causing excessive temperature aging. 3 poor manufacturing process, pressing is not tight, the mechanical strength can not withstand short-circuit impact, so that the winding deformation insulation damage. 4 The winding is damp, insulation expansion blocks the oil passage, causing local overheating. 5 Insulation oil is mixed with water and deteriorated, or the area in contact with air is too large, so that the acid value of the oil is too high or the oil level is too low, and some windings are exposed to air and cannot be treated in time. ?
Due to the above reasons, an insulation breakdown occurs in operation, resulting in a short circuit or ground fault of the winding. The fault phenomenon in the short circuit between turns is that the oil temperature of the transformer overheats, the current on the power supply side increases slightly, the DC resistance of each phase is unbalanced, and sometimes there are buzzing noises and buzzing sounds in the oil. A slight turn-to-turn short circuit can cause a gas protection action; in severe cases, differential protection or overcurrent protection at the power supply side can also act. It was found that the short circuit between windings should be dealt with in a timely manner, because the short circuit between turns of windings often leads to more serious faults such as single-phase grounding or phase-to-phase short circuit. ?
3.2 casing failure. Common causes of such failures are blown up, flashovers and oil leaks. The reasons are: 1 poor sealing, and poor insulation ratio; 2 improper respirator configuration or inhalation of water not treated in time. ?
3.3 tap switch failure. The common faults are surface melting and burns, phase-to-phase contact discharges, or discharges at various taps. The main reasons are: 1 Loose connection screws; 2 Inadequate and improper adjustment of the load adjustment device; 3 Insulation of the insulation plate of the tap joint; 4 Insufficient solder connection, poor contact, poor manufacturing process, insufficient spring pressure; High, the contact surface of the tap changer is corroded. ?
3.4 Core failure. Most of the iron core faults are caused by the insulation damage of the iron core column core screw or the iron wheel clamping screw. The consequences may cause two points of connection between the core piercing screw and the iron core lamination stack, causing partial heating due to circulation. It even caused partial melting of the iron core. It may also cause partial short-circuit of the iron core laminations, resulting in eddy current overheating, causing damage to the insulating layer between the laminations, increasing the loss of no-load in the transformer and degrading the insulating oil.
In the event of a fault in the operation of the transformer, the core shall be checked if it is found to be a failure of the winding or the core. First measure the DC resistance of each phase winding and compare them. If the difference is large, then the winding is faulty. Then the appearance of the core was checked, and then the inter-sheet insulation resistance was measured using a DC voltage and current meter method. If damage is minor, paint it at the damaged area.
3.5 gas protection fault. Gas protection is the main protection of the transformer, light gas acts on the signal, and heavy gas acts on the trip. ?
3.5.1 Signals after light gas protection actions. The reason for this is that there are minor faults inside the transformer, air inside the transformer, and secondary circuit faults. The operating personnel should check immediately and if no abnormalities are found, gas sampling analysis should be performed. ?
3.5.2 When the gas protection action trips, there may be a serious internal fault in the transformer, causing the oil to decompose a large amount of gas, and may also cause secondary circuit failures. When a gas protection trip occurs, the standby transformer should be put in first and then checked externally. Check the explosion-proof door of the oil pillow, whether each welding seam is cracked, and whether the transformer shell is deformed; finally check the flammability of the gas.
When the transformer is tripping automatically, it is necessary to check the protection operation and perform external inspection. If it is detected not as an internal fault but as an external fault (pass-through fault) or due to a malfunction of a person, it may be put into power transmission without internal inspection. If the differential protection action is taken, all the equipment in this protection range should be checked. ?
In addition, transformer fire is also a dangerous accident, because the transformer has many flammable substances. If it is not treated in time, it may explode or expand the fire. The main reason for the transformer's ignition is: the casing is broken and flicker, the oil flows out under the pressure of the oil pillow and burns on the top cover; the internal fault of the transformer breaks the shell or the radiator, and the burning transformer oil overflows. In the event of such an accident, transformer protection should act to break the circuit breaker. If the circuit breaker is not disconnected for any reason, use manual to immediately open the circuit breaker, open the disconnector that may lead to the transformer power supply, and stop the cooling device.
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