Condenser types and their analysis

The condenser is the component of the air conditioning system and can transfer the heat from the pipe to the air near the pipe in a very fast manner. Most of the cars are placed in front of the tank. A device that turns a gas or vapor into a liquid. The power plant uses many condensers to condense the vapors discharged from the turbine; a condenser is used in the freezing plant to condense refrigerant vapors such as ammonia and Freon. In the petrochemical industry, condensers are used to condense hydrocarbons and other chemical vapors. In distillation, the device that turns the vapor into a liquid is called a condenser. All condensers operate by taking away the heat of the gas or vapor. With the development of market demand, the condenser industry has made considerable progress.

Types and Developments of Condensers (1) Steam Condenser Steam Condenser This type of condensation is often used to condense the secondary steam of a multi-effect evaporator to ensure the vacuum of the final evaporator. 1 Spray Condenser: Cold water is injected from the upper nozzle and steam enters from the side inlet. The steam and cold water are in full contact and condensed into water. At the same time, down stream, some non-condensing vapors may also be carried out. 2Filling condenser: The steam enters from the side tube and then the cold water in the top sprays the contact. The condenser is filled with ceramic packing. After the packing is wetted with water, the contact area between the cold water and the steam is increased, and steam condensation occurs. After the water flows into the lower pipeline, the non-condensable gas and the upper pipeline are pumped out by the vacuum pump to ensure a certain degree of vacuum in the condenser. 3 watering board or screen condenser: The purpose is to increase the contact area of ​​cold water and steam. The hybrid condenser has the advantages of simple structure and high heat transfer efficiency, and the corrosive problem is also relatively easy to solve.

(2) Boiler condenser The condenser of the boiler, also called the flue gas condenser, can effectively save the production cost, reduce the exhaust temperature of the boiler and improve the thermal efficiency of the boiler. Make the boiler operation meet the national energy-saving emission reduction standards.

Energy-saving and emission-reduction is the key and guarantee for the national “Eleventh Five-Year” plan to change the mode of economic development. It is an important symbol for implementing the scientific development concept and guaranteeing a sound and rapid economic development. Special equipment is a large energy consumer and is also environmentally polluting. The important source and the task of strengthening energy-saving and emission-reduction of special equipment is a long way to go. The "Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" has established that the unit's domestic gross energy consumption is reduced by about 20%, and the total discharge of major pollutants by 10% is a binding indicator for economic and social development. It is a boiler with the "heart" of industrial production. It is a large consumer of energy in China. High-efficiency special equipment mainly refers to boilers, heat exchangers in pressure vessels, etc.

The Regulations on the Supervision and Management of Boiler Energy-saving Technologies (hereinafter referred to as the “Regulations”) was implemented on December 1, 2010. It is proposed that the boiler exhaust temperature should not be higher than 170°C, and the energy efficiency of the energy-saving gas boiler should be over 88%. The boiler that does not meet the energy efficiency index cannot be registered for use.

In conventional boilers, after the fuel is burned in the boiler, the exhaust gas temperature is relatively high, and the water vapor in the flue gas is still in a gaseous state, taking away a large amount of heat. Among all kinds of fossil fuels, natural gas has the highest hydrogen content, and the mass percentage of hydrogen is about 20% to 25%. Therefore, the exhaust contains a lot of water vapor. It is estimated that the steam generated by burning 1 square meter of natural gas is required. The amount of calorie paper taken away is 4000KJ, which is about 10% higher than its high calorific value.

The flue gas condensation heat recovery device uses low temperature water or air to cool the flue gas to reduce the temperature of the flue gas. The flue gas is condensed near the heat exchange area, and the sensible heat release of the flue gas and the latent heat of vapor condensation are achieved at the same time. Release, and the water or air in the heat exchanger heats up and is heated to achieve thermal energy recovery and improve the thermal efficiency of the boiler.

Boiler thermal efficiency improvement: 1NM3 natural gas combustion production theoretical flue gas volume is about 10.3NM3 (about 12.5KG). Take the excess air coefficient 1.3 as an example, produce 14NM3 flue gas (about 16.6KG). Take the flue gas temperature 200 degrees Celsius to reduce At 70 degrees Celsius, the physical sensible heat is about 1600KJ, the water vapor condensation rate is 50%, and the latent heat of vaporization is about 1850KJ. The total heat release is 3450KJ, which is about 10% of the low calorific value of natural gas. If 80% of the flue gas is taken into the heat recovery device, Can improve the thermal energy utilization rate of more than 8%, saving nearly 10% of natural gas fuel.