How big is the gap between China's CNC machine tools and the world's advanced countries? There is no definitive answer to this question. According to the analysis of China Machinery Industry Federation's "Certificate of CNC Machine Tool Technology Level", the technical level of CNC machine tools in China may differ from that of foreign countries by 20.5 years. Whether this result can be recognized is still open to question. So, what is the gap between China's CNC machine tool technology and foreign countries? Is it level, accuracy, function, rigidity or reliability? I would like to hear from the insiders.
Sound one:
There are many reasons why China can't make high-precision machine tools, but the main reason is that the lack of workers and general enterprises can't train high-skilled talents. To give a simple example, the cost of cultivating eight-level fitters is not a small number, and it takes a long time. Moreover, the 8-level fitter can't stop, and it needs to be repaired from time to time. In addition, he often needs to give him difficult work (the small factory can't afford it), otherwise the technology will be unfamiliar. To sum up, training a high-level worker can't be done in 5-8 years. If you change a high-level worker, if the enterprise system can't provide superior conditions, you can't keep it. Talents. This has caused many factories to be reluctant to raise funds to train excellent workers.
Secondly, there is no such effort to design and produce high-level machine tools. Sometimes it takes two or three years for a machine to be built. In Germany, for example, the number of workers who used to machine a horizontal milling machine was an engineer, two technicians, and three to five senior workers. It is about the equivalent of a person who has just got a Class 8 fitter's license in China, and it is also very time consuming, about half a year (including finishing and surface treatment, as well as repairing).
In this way, unless it is a large-scale enterprise, small businesses can not afford such expenses and time. In the past, the state did not pay enough attention, so high-precision machine tools have not made much progress. However, the mechanical industry as the cornerstone of the national industry has become the weakest link, and various aspects have begun to pay attention to the development of the machinery industry. It is estimated that there should be more progress in the near future.
Sound two:
The difference between Chinese machine tools is mainly in quality and CNC servo system, and the quality is often determined by the responsibility of an employee. There are many examples of this. For example, if you don't fit it, you can use a hammer to knock in. Do not use a floating cymbal to ensure the hole shape error.
In addition, the CNC servo system is a hard injury. China mainly uses Siemens and Japan FANUC systems, and its own CNC system is worse, and there is a gap mainly in servo motors. China's materials are not good either. For example, tool materials cannot work in environments above 6000 rpm. China is far behind in the research of new materials. Under the same conditions, foreign materials and processes are better than us.
Generally, domestically produced machine tools can be used for 4 to 5 years, but they must be corrected annually. With laser calibration instruments, there is a difference in accuracy and fault tolerance, and fault handling cannot keep up. There are also many machines on the machine tools used in the aviation industry that are special machine tools. The accuracy of general CNC machine tools is between 0.05mm and 0.001mm, but it is far from meeting the processing of high-precision parts. Only some products with medium and high precision requirements can be processed. For parts like gyroscopes, special machines are needed, and like the space shuttle, the United States uses a whole piece of titanium to dig it out. The emergence of new technologies such as virtual machine tools, rapid prototyping technology and nano-machines has opened a new door for machine manufacturing. Unfortunately, due to the backwardness of China's electronics industry and materials technology, it has been 10 to 15 years behind, so from a certain From the perspective, the gap between our machine tools and foreign machine tools is still growing.
Sound three:
In China's manufacturing industry, the process is much more difficult than manufacturing. For example, titanium alloy welding technology, air-tight technology of large catapults, etc., China is not only a skilled worker, but also a craftsman. It can be said that Chinese machine tools are seriously lacking experts and talents in various fields, and many key technologies (such as rigidity, thermal deformation, vibration, noise, precision compensation, etc.) have not been fundamentally solved. There is also a shortage of talents in materials, molds and CNC. Without enough talents in this area, it is easier for China's machine tool industry to catch up with the advanced level of foreign countries!
Sound four:
The machine tool industry does not know enough about the characteristics and development laws of machine tools. It does not carefully study the national conditions and actual needs, blindly catch up with the world's advanced level, and not seriously lay the technical foundation. Therefore, it is often smug about the development of individual products, and the entire host The research, design, manufacture and supply of the accessories have not been fundamentally solved.
Without an in-depth analysis of the national conditions, it is taken for granted to blindly catch up with the world's advanced level. Although we have used the advanced technology of foreign countries to produce many first- and second-rate advanced machine tools, we have not solved them.
This fundamental problem, therefore, may flourish for a while, but it cannot last.
Sound one:
There are many reasons why China can't make high-precision machine tools, but the main reason is that the lack of workers and general enterprises can't train high-skilled talents. To give a simple example, the cost of cultivating eight-level fitters is not a small number, and it takes a long time. Moreover, the 8-level fitter can't stop, and it needs to be repaired from time to time. In addition, he often needs to give him difficult work (the small factory can't afford it), otherwise the technology will be unfamiliar. To sum up, training a high-level worker can't be done in 5-8 years. If you change a high-level worker, if the enterprise system can't provide superior conditions, you can't keep it. Talents. This has caused many factories to be reluctant to raise funds to train excellent workers.
Secondly, there is no such effort to design and produce high-level machine tools. Sometimes it takes two or three years for a machine to be built. In Germany, for example, the number of workers who used to machine a horizontal milling machine was an engineer, two technicians, and three to five senior workers. It is about the equivalent of a person who has just got a Class 8 fitter's license in China, and it is also very time consuming, about half a year (including finishing and surface treatment, as well as repairing).
In this way, unless it is a large-scale enterprise, small businesses can not afford such expenses and time. In the past, the state did not pay enough attention, so high-precision machine tools have not made much progress. However, the mechanical industry as the cornerstone of the national industry has become the weakest link, and various aspects have begun to pay attention to the development of the machinery industry. It is estimated that there should be more progress in the near future.
Sound two:
The difference between Chinese machine tools is mainly in quality and CNC servo system, and the quality is often determined by the responsibility of an employee. There are many examples of this. For example, if you don't fit it, you can use a hammer to knock in. Do not use a floating cymbal to ensure the hole shape error.
In addition, the CNC servo system is a hard injury. China mainly uses Siemens and Japan FANUC systems, and its own CNC system is worse, and there is a gap mainly in servo motors. China's materials are not good either. For example, tool materials cannot work in environments above 6000 rpm. China is far behind in the research of new materials. Under the same conditions, foreign materials and processes are better than us.
Generally, domestically produced machine tools can be used for 4 to 5 years, but they must be corrected annually. With laser calibration instruments, there is a difference in accuracy and fault tolerance, and fault handling cannot keep up. There are also many machines on the machine tools used in the aviation industry that are special machine tools. The accuracy of general CNC machine tools is between 0.05mm and 0.001mm, but it is far from meeting the processing of high-precision parts. Only some products with medium and high precision requirements can be processed. For parts like gyroscopes, special machines are needed, and like the space shuttle, the United States uses a whole piece of titanium to dig it out. The emergence of new technologies such as virtual machine tools, rapid prototyping technology and nano-machines has opened a new door for machine manufacturing. Unfortunately, due to the backwardness of China's electronics industry and materials technology, it has been 10 to 15 years behind, so from a certain From the perspective, the gap between our machine tools and foreign machine tools is still growing.
Sound three:
In China's manufacturing industry, the process is much more difficult than manufacturing. For example, titanium alloy welding technology, air-tight technology of large catapults, etc., China is not only a skilled worker, but also a craftsman. It can be said that Chinese machine tools are seriously lacking experts and talents in various fields, and many key technologies (such as rigidity, thermal deformation, vibration, noise, precision compensation, etc.) have not been fundamentally solved. There is also a shortage of talents in materials, molds and CNC. Without enough talents in this area, it is easier for China's machine tool industry to catch up with the advanced level of foreign countries!
Sound four:
The machine tool industry does not know enough about the characteristics and development laws of machine tools. It does not carefully study the national conditions and actual needs, blindly catch up with the world's advanced level, and not seriously lay the technical foundation. Therefore, it is often smug about the development of individual products, and the entire host The research, design, manufacture and supply of the accessories have not been fundamentally solved.
Without an in-depth analysis of the national conditions, it is taken for granted to blindly catch up with the world's advanced level. Although we have used the advanced technology of foreign countries to produce many first- and second-rate advanced machine tools, we have not solved them.
This fundamental problem, therefore, may flourish for a while, but it cannot last.
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