Regardless of whether it is on the road or in the residential area, it is almost always possible to see the used batteries discarded by people. However, with the increase of electrical equipment for energy-saving batteries, this phenomenon is likely to be more. The used batteries are a kind of the severity of contaminants, environmental damage is the culprit, we use every day battery main battery generates electrical energy by chemical action of chemical corrosion, which contains large amounts of heavy metals, such as cadmium, mercury, and other hazardous substances Ming.
As the used batteries are rolled by the car, some become powder and float into the air, which may be inhaled into the human body. The waste batteries mixed in the general household garbage, during the stacking process, the harmful substances will overflow from it and enter the soil or water source. .
One section of the battery is corroded in the ground, which can permanently lose the use value of 1 square meter of soil. One button battery can pollute 600 tons of water, which is equivalent to the amount of water consumed by a person during a lifetime. After drinking, or through the food chain, those toxic substances and heavy metals also enter the body. Once these heavy metals enter the body, it is difficult to eliminate them. As the accumulated concentration of living organisms becomes higher and higher, it will cause damage to the kidneys, liver, nervous system, and hematopoietic mechanisms. In severe cases, people will suffer from "bone pain". This is the so-called metal pollution.
The battery consumes a large amount of metal during the manufacturing process, such as Zn, Mn, Cu, Pd, Cd, Hg, Ni, etc., the used battery, most of which remain in the battery in various forms, if Dispose of used batteries as garbage. On the one hand, Hg, Cd, Pd, etc. are strictly restricted by environmental protection. If they leak into the environment, they will cause serious pollution. On the other hand, these useful metal resources will be Wasted. China's battery consumption in the annual consumption of zinc is nearly 250,000 tons, about 15% of the total annual zinc, and its resource value is considerable.
China is the world's largest battery producer and the world's largest battery consumer. There are about 350 battery manufacturers in China with an annual production capacity of about 1.5 to 16 billion batteries. With the improvement of people's living standards, household appliances, electric vehicles, and modern communication equipment have spread to the home. The demand for various types of batteries is increasing, and the consumption is increasing by an average of 10%. The annual output of China's more than 18 billion batteries accounts for more than 30% of the world's total battery output, with annual consumption of 7 billion to 8 billion, but the recovery rate is less than 2%. The recovery rate in developed countries is basically 100%. The waste battery in China is very dangerous and the recycling status is poor. However, China has not established a perfect and effective recycling network and system, which is the main reason for the difficulty in recycling waste batteries.
In fact, waste battery recycling industry is not profitable, contains large amounts of used batteries can be recycled and acid substances such as heavy metals, such as lead-acid battery recycling mainly recycling waste lead-based, further comprising a waste acid for And the use of plastic shells. The calculation of 100,000 spent batteries per day, after removing various expenses, can make a profit of about 20,000 yuan, with a utilization rate of 50% of 70 trillion batteries, and the annual profit can reach more than 600 million yuan. It can be seen that the implementation of scale operations in this area can fully create benefits.
A battery is a device that converts chemical, optical, or other forms of energy into electrical energy. There are many people who produce counterfeit batteries in China, and they continue to sell batteries at low prices. In addition, the national environmental protection awareness is poor, and the battery is polluted everywhere. In response to the above series of problems, in some countries, necessary measures have been taken. Not only in the store, but also directly on the street, there are special battery recycling bins. The collected waste batteries are first screened out with special screens for button batteries used in watch calculators and other small electronic instruments, which generally contain mercury. Mercury can be extracted and utilized, and then nickel- cadmium batteries can be manually sorted out. Metal elements can also be extracted directly from the battery, and metal mixtures such as manganese oxide , zinc oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide can be directly sold as metal scrap.
In order to carry out technological innovations on waste batteries, we are now promoting green batteries, and now the country has developed zinc powder batteries, low- or no-mercury batteries. In the utilization structure of battery energy, it should be designed as: solar energy - chemical energy - electrical energy - waste - chemical energy, which is recycled in turn, in which the reactants are converted into products, and the products can be transferred after the solar energy transfer. It is converted into a reactant for secondary use, and the used battery will function far less than before, and the chemical elements in the battery can be recovered. Where the surface of the battery is conspicuous, there should be a column of environmental protection tips that require citizens to place discarded batteries at publicly-set locations after use. Now China's new generation of batteries, hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, low-mercury or mercury-free batteries are not too expensive to set them up. Now there are problems with the recycling of waste batteries: 1 less recycling quantity 2 short time of persistence 3 impact and small face driving 4 lack of government support 5 lack of economic use of disposal lasting 6 public environmental awareness is not strong 7 lack of corresponding methods 8 lack of society The recycling system 9 lacks funding and government guidance. In response to the above problems, the society has taken some necessary measures. 1 by the government to lead 2 to establish a whole society recycling system 3 R & D introduction and treatment of waste battery technology 4 to increase publicity and education efforts 5 multi-party financing to solve the funding problem 6 as soon as possible legislation and the introduction of some effective policies.
As an aorta, we should strengthen some environmental awareness. "Don't do it because of being small, don't do it because of the evil." Increase the propaganda of waste batteries, and strive to achieve the recycling, treatment and utilization of waste batteries.
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