A lead-zinc multi-metal ore mining is a new mine, low-grade lead and zinc, but lead the natural floatability better, the value of mining. This paper explores the beneficiation process of low-grade lead-zinc ore and attempts to find a simple and economical beneficiation process.
First, the sample
A sample collected from the veins of the mine, 3.11% lead, 2.50% zinc ores mainly metallic minerals are: galena, sphalerite, copper ore, pyrite, native silver, gold and silver mining, Ling argentite and a small amount of manganese ore. gangue minerals of fluorite, sericite, quartz, calcite, etc. galena was mostly coarse disseminated, but a few disseminated in particulate galena, sphalerite and even The raw galena is mostly in the harbor-like continuous interface, and a small amount of galena is isolated in the sphalerite. The leaching of the galena cube is very developed and has good natural floatability. The grain size is coarse, some are yellowish brown, very low iron, with tetrahedral polymorphic sphalerite, but most of them contain a small amount of iron, brownish black, massive, irregular granular and associated with galena Sphalerite.
Second, the test results and discussion
According to the coarse grain size of ore, and considering the reduction of ore dressing cost and ease of production management, lead and zinc are recovered by preferentially selecting lead and then floating zinc. The test equipment is a small ball mill and a 500 mL mechanically agitated gas flotation machine.
(1) Influence of grinding fineness
A rough, one-sweep mixing process, water glass as an inhibitor, xanthate and sputum collector were used to carry out the experiment of grinding fineness on the flotation shadow II under the condition of grinding concentration of 60%. The test results are shown in Figure 1.
Fig.1 Effect of grinding fineness on lead and zinc loss
It can be seen from Fig. 1 that as the fineness of grinding increases, the loss of lead and zinc in tailings decreases; when the fineness of grinding increases to a certain extent, it continues to increase, and the loss of lead and zinc in tailings increases. Trend; when the grinding fineness is -0.074 mm 66.40%, the lead and zinc loss in tailings is the least.
(two) the impact of the drug
The galena has good natural floatability, but in order to make the lead and zinc separate well, the inhibitor is very important, so the inhibitor in the preferential lead selection operation and the activator in the floating zinc operation were tested.
1, the impact of lime consumption
After the test, lime with low cost and good suppression effect was selected as the inhibitor in the priority floating lead operation. The effect of lime dosage on lead recovery and the loss of zinc in lead concentrate are shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Effect of lime dosage on lead recovery and zinc loss
The test results (Fig. 2) show that as the amount of lime increases, the lead recovery rate increases, and the loss of zinc in the lead concentrate decreases. When the amount of lime increases to a certain extent and then continues to increase, the lead and zinc grades remain basically unchanged. The lead recovery rate showed a downward trend, and the zinc loss rate decreased little. When the lime dosage was 8 kg/t, the lead concentrate grade was 17.35%. At this time, the lead recovery rate was higher, 90.91%, and zinc was in lead. The loss in the concentrate is also less. Therefore, the appropriate amount of lime is 8 kg/t.
2. Influence of lime addition point in lead selection operation
In the rough selection of floating lead, other conditions were fixed, the amount of lime was 8 kg/t, and the lime was added to the mill and the flotation tank for comparison test. The test results are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Test results of lime addition point ω/%
Table 1 shows that the effect of adding lime to the mill is better than adding it to the flotation cell. Since the lime can be in full contact with the newly formed surface of the mineral during the grinding process, it is adsorbed on the surface of the zinc mineral, thereby enhancing the inhibitory effect. At the same time, the addition of lime to the mill also reduces the sorting time.
3, the impact of the amount of zinc sulfate
In order to strengthen the inhibition of zinc in the lead-lead operation and improve the sorting effect, the amount of zinc sulfate was tested. The effect of zinc sulfate dosage on lead recovery and the loss of zinc in crude lead concentrate are shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Effect of the amount of zinc sulfate on lead recovery and zinc loss rate
Figure 3 shows that with the increase of the amount of zinc sulfate, the lead recovery rate increases, and the loss of zinc in lead decreases. When the amount of zinc sulfate is 1.6kg/t, the lead recovery rate is 95.96%, and the lead grade is 18.07%. The loss of zinc in lead crude concentrate is also small, and the sorting effect is better. When the amount of zinc sulfate continues to increase, the lead and zinc grades in the lead concentrate are basically unchanged, while the lead recovery rate is significantly reduced. The optimum amount of zinc sulfate in the rough selection of floating lead is 1.6 kg/t.
4, the effect of the amount of copper sulfate on the floating zinc
Since zinc is inhibited in the lead-lead operation, it is necessary to activate zinc in the tailings for the selection of lead, and use copper sulfate as the activator. The effect of the amount on the zinc selection is shown in Fig. 4.
Figure 4 Effect of copper sulfate on zinc recovery
Figure 4 shows that the sphalerite is almost non-floating without the addition of copper sulfate. With the increase of the amount of copper sulfate, the zinc recovery rate increases; when the amount of copper sulfate is increased to 100g/t, the zinc concentrate grade is 30.99%, the recovery rate is 83.73%, and the loss of zinc in the tailings is less; if the amount of copper sulfate is continued When the zinc recovery rate is no longer increased, the suitable amount of copper sulfate is 100 g/t.
(3) Process test
On the basis of the conditional test, the open circuit as shown in Fig. 5 was determined. The test was carried out according to the process flow shown in Fig. 5, and the test results are shown in Table 2.
Figure 5 Process for selecting lead and zinc
Table 2 Open circuit test results ω /%
It can be seen from Table 2 that with simple processes and conventional chemicals, qualified lead concentrates and zinc concentrates with grades of 61.58% and 48% to 69%, respectively, can be selected, and the recovery rate is also high. However, the grade and recovery rate of zinc in lead ore is relatively high, reaching 4.43% and 23.69%, respectively. This is mainly due to the fact that there are more zinc and lead minerals in the ore, and the continuous interface is mostly harbor-like. It is difficult to completely separate lead and zinc, so zinc has some loss in lead ore. Of course, in the lead-mineral return process, the zinc recovery rate can be further improved.
Third, the conclusion
In the way of rough grinding, the fineness of grinding is -0.074mm66.4%, the conventional agent of flotation sulfide ore is used, and the simple lead-lead-re-zinc suspension process can select qualified lead and zinc respectively. Concentrate. In the case of the ore grade Pb 3.11% and Zn 2.50%, the lead and zinc concentrate grades were 61.58% and 48.69%, respectively, and the recovery rates were 87.01% and 62.91%, respectively.
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