**: PM2.5 monitoring equipment imported or domestic?

According to the reading: “PM2.5 was written into the “Ambient Air Quality Standards” and the country will carry out fine particle monitoring”, as a needle of network freshener was injected into major forums. While the masses of netizens are clamoring for success, it seems that the details about it have only just begun: Who will enjoy the huge “market cake” for purchasing PM2.5 monitoring equipment? Is the monitoring equipment imported or domestic? Does the regional joint defense and joint defense system become the constraint of PM2.5 on the blue sky? In response, the reporter interviewed the representatives of the two sessions and the experts outside the conference.

Monitoring equipment: imported or domestic?

Wu Xiaoqing, vice minister of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, stated on the 2nd that during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, nearly 1,500 PM2.5 monitoring stations will be built in China and the initial investment will exceed RMB 2 billion.

"Is the monitoring equipment imported or domestic?" Many netizens suggested that "there must be imported." Wang Yuesi, a researcher at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: “Some foreign instruments are not good. The foreign monitoring instruments have their own flaws, and method evaluation also takes time. It is difficult to reach a consistent result in the short term. As of now, there is no instrument available. The PM2.5 concentration was accurately determined."

"PM2.5 monitoring mainly includes 'gravimetric method''β-ray method''light scattering method'' and needs to learn from the successful experiences of developed countries, but it cannot be completely copied," said National People's Congress deputy chief engineer of Tianjin Environmental Protection Bureau Bao Jingling. It is said that different monitoring methods and different instruments can cause considerable differences in data. “In terms of observation, analysis, and governance technologies, the government should give more support and pay attention to considering the development of the national instrument manufacturing industry, so that China’s PM2.5 monitoring and governance will gradually use local technologies.”

Regional Joint Defense Joint Governance: Is It On Paper?

In some BBS forums of colleges and universities, many students who loved environmental protection posted a post saying: “Only monitoring PM2.5 can cure the problem? The advanced instruments can't change the dust. The key depends on how to manage!”

Representative Bao Jingling deeply agreed with this: “Air pollution is a regional concept. Take Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei as an example, under the control of a climate condition, it will definitely affect each other. If regional alliance prevention and control are not implemented, how can air quality be monitored? no good."

"PM2.5 has a small particle size and spreads far, and peripheral transmission has the highest contribution rate to PM2.5 in big cities." For instance, Chung Chunliang, an NPC deputy in the cement production industry, said that there are a lot of cement, iron and steel, and oil refining in the Tianjin and Chongqing areas. In petrochemical and other high-polluting industries, the total amount of coal burned in the region exceeds 350 million tons a year, and the impact on Beijing accounts for about 24.5% of the PM2.5 source.

"To achieve these goals, the central environmental protection department needs to do a good job of 'top-level design', so that experts, academicians, environmental protection departments, and grass-roots governance workers in these regions can sit together on equal footing to jointly study, combinatorially consider, and make overall decisions. The solution can achieve a unified regional environmental protection goal.” Bao Jingling said.

New national standard: How difficult is it to connect with the world's "high track"?

Wu Xiaoqing stated on the 2nd that the pollutant control project in the new "Ambient Air Quality Standard" has achieved international standards, but it is only connected with the "low rail" of the world. After the implementation of the new national standard, two-thirds of cities in China will not meet the air quality requirements.

"For now, it is very difficult to connect with the world's 'high track'." Yu Jianhua, head of the atmospheric environment management department of the Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau, said that taking Beijing as an example, since 1998, it has shut down and relocated Shougang. Beijing Coking Plant, Beijing Chemical Plant, and more than 200 heavily polluting enterprises. "The pollution prevention and control measures on this issue are all on the way. The smaller space for continuing to increase measures means that it is more difficult to significantly improve."

"In fact, as early as 10 years ago, some scientific research institutions have begun to monitor PM2.5, to understand its concentration trends." Bao Jingling suggested that the current key is neither entangled in a monitoring data nor is it heavily introduced overseas. Advanced monitoring equipment, but should go all out to carry out "composition research", in particular to find which toxic and hazardous substances in PM2.5 in the end, and targeted reduction of the source. According to Xinhua News Agency, NPC deputy Zhang Yuzhao, the big cities should purchase cars. According to Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 5th, “after PM2.5 monitoring is publicized, the more important thing is how to treat PM2.5.” National People’s Congress Deputies, Shenzhen Nanling Village Zhang Yuzheng, director of the neighborhood committee, suggested that in large cities with severe PM2.5 pollution, automobile purchase restrictions should be adopted to control the unlimited growth of motor vehicles.

The sources of PM2.5 are mainly industrial emissions and automobile exhaust. In major cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, traditional industries have become less and less. Therefore, the main “culprit” of PM2.5 is car exhaust.

Zhang Yuxi said: “To cure PM2.5, we must remedy the situation.” Reducing the PM2.5 generated by motor vehicle exhaust emissions is nothing more than two ways: First, by controlling the increase in the number of vehicles, directly reduce the amount of exhaust emissions; Second, the use of New technologies to promote clean energy vehicles. However, at present and for a period of time in the future, due to the constraints of technology and price, the development of new energy vehicles is still in the “flood season” in China and the world. In the short term, it is impossible to replace fuel vehicles in large areas. Therefore, Zhang Yuxi believes that the explosive growth of the number of cars through policy leverage in the near future has become a top priority.

At present, there are three ways to impose restrictions on automobile growth in China: First, the license plate for motor vehicles in Beijing; second, the license auction in Shanghai; and third, the high cost system for vehicles in Hong Kong.