It has long been noted that the meshing of the top edge of the gear produces noise. In the United Kingdom in the 1940s, in the tolerance standard Bs436-0, in order to avoid the tooth top or root meshing impact, the tooth profile error at the tooth tip or root has been specified, which must be lower than the error in the middle of the tooth profile. In production practice. It also summarizes the experience that "the active wheel base section is slightly larger than the passive wheel base section" and "the convex tooth shape is smoother than the concave tooth shape transmission".
The Cincinnati Company of the United States believes that gear shaping is the only important measure to solve gear noise and can be reduced by 6 decibels.
For modern mechanical transmission, the speed reducer should be: small size, large speed ratio, high transmission power and long service life. Hardened gears have also been widely used for this purpose, and the only way to improve the accuracy of hard tooth surface machining is to grind teeth. There are many types of gear grinding machines, typical of Mag, Rice, and Nice. The Ricewell gear grinding machine has a large tooth profile error when the number of teeth is small and the gearing coefficient is <2, and the tooth shape is concave (the gear with a pressure angle of 20° almost always occurs), this is The inherent disadvantages of the spiral meshing principle processing method. For this reason, it is necessary to study a processing technique that does not cause a concave shape in the tooth shape. Cohesion, electrolysis running, electric spark running... The standard shaving and caries are trimmed, and the shaving cutter and the boring wheel are trimmed to make the remedy concave, but it is very troublesome.
Moreover, the quality is unstable, and for this reason, the final processing method of the hard tooth surface must be carefully studied. In order to obtain a convex drum-shaped tooth surface and improve the meshing, we designed and built a cam swing machine grinding and shaping machine.
Machine tool design principle In order to solve the transmission precision of the new reducer, sum up the experience of gear processing technology in all parts of the country for decades. After research and research, design and manufacture a gear finishing machine, which is numbered? M312 hard tooth surface modification machine. For example, the theoretical basis is that according to the principle of gear meshing displacement, three basic directions of motion appear.
Design principle of gear shaping machine (1) During the continuous movement of the grinding machine, the large turbine body appears to swing left and right to achieve the tooth direction modification. (2) During the continuous movement of the grinder, the large turbine body is engaged and displaced (moving back and forth) to the top of the tooth and the root of the root. (3) During the continuous movement of the grinder, the large turbine body moves to the left and right to achieve the meshing axial movement.
The characteristics of the grinder: a. High working efficiency, 20 times that of ordinary gear grinding machine. b. The tooth shape developed by the grinder is a tooth shape that is difficult to reach by ordinary grinding teeth, which can reduce installation errors. c. The grinder can also grind other tooth shapes, such as circular arc teeth and parabolic tooth shapes.
Gear contact position Figure 3 The structure and function of the hard tooth surface modification machine is as follows: The left side view of the whole machine: The left side of the tooth shape modification machine is named as follows: Table 1 is the top of the whole machine View: Top view of the hard tooth surface modification machine The following figure is the main view of the whole machine: The shape modification machine has the following functions: a. In the continuous motion of the machine tool, the driven wheel and the processed passive wheel are in the standard center distance, and the monitoring is monitored. Directional shaping is performed with the reading of the watch. (You can see the position of the double table). b. The shape modification machine is provided with load damping function, which can operate under a given load and eliminate the elastic deformation error caused by the load. (Medium number 4). c. The trimming machine has a similar principle to the electric spark running, the highest error point of the gear meshing, and is quickly repaired to achieve machining errors such as self-trimming base joints and weekly joints, and reduce gear transmission noise. d. Abrasive is a liquid that can be recycled repeatedly and operated by a centrifugal oil pump. (such as the serial number 54). e. When designing the gear to be processed, the diameter will affect the change of the rotational speed. For this purpose, the main motor and the swing motor are both FM motors to meet the processing needs. The power motor is 0~1600 rpm. The swing motor is: 8 to 12 rpm.
f. Repairing machine processing time, completely electrical control: abrasive automatic spitting, machine tool automatic reversing, automatic stop, can make the abrasive liquid stop first, then carry out dry running, remove the gear surface abrasive liquid, no need for the workpiece Perform re-cleaning.
g. The shaping machine can process gears that cannot be machined by the gear grinding machine. The root diameter is smaller than the diameter of the shaft head. The shaft gear modulus is m=1.5 teeth=11. The shaft gear: root diameter φ8.5<shaft diameter φ17.
h. The shaping machine can process involute tooth shape, arc tooth shape and parabolic tooth shape.
i. The tooth surface after the shape modification machine is drum-shaped, as shown in Fig. 8.
Drum-shaped tooth 4 gear shaping processing steps (1) to adjust the processing time of the shaping machine (there is a timer in the electrical box control). (2) Adjust the reversing grinding time. (3) Adjust the time of the spit abrasive liquid. (4) Check the quality of the gear processing, and the monitoring disc should stop at the control cam 210 ° ~ 330 ° position. (5) Adjust the damping handle so that its load is equal to the rated load energy of the reducer. (No. 4) (6) Before starting the machine, the measuring instruments are all adjusted to zero position. After starting the machine, observe the change of the instrument to check the installation of the workpiece, otherwise re-adjust.
The processing range of a tooth-shaped grinding and shaping machine made by our factory (1) Modulus m=0.5～3(2)The diameter of the pinion ≤φ120(3)The tooth width of the shaft gear is ≤120(4) Countertop: Width × Length =300×5306 Tooth-shaped grinding and trimming machine has been used to improve the gear meshing and transmission performance. The commonly used hard tooth surface shape modification method is mainly a grinding method, and the grinding time is long, the efficiency is low, and the cost is high.
The grinding method is used to modify the shape of the gear tooth. It is a new process for the cylindrical gear. It is designed for this method. The tooth grinding and polishing machine can achieve short time, high efficiency and low cost. It is especially suitable for small and medium-sized factories and township and village enterprises (one repairing machine only needs less than 10,000 yuan, and one grinding machine needs hundreds of thousands of yuan). A pair of gear grinding and shaping can be completed only by grinding for a few minutes. The traditional grinding gear is ten times more efficient, and it is paired and ground, the meshing quality is higher (can be equivalent to 6 to 7 precision gears), and can be used for a variety of tooth profile curves, especially to solve the parabolic hard tooth surface can not be ground Cutting is not getting the problem of widespread application. (The parabolic gear reducer has a large transmission ratio, small volume, and large transmission power. The minimum number of teeth can be 3, which is mostly used for ship mooring machinery.)
Conclusion YM312 tooth-shaped grinding and shaping machine is designed for hard tooth surface modification. After preliminary tests and research, we believe that YM312 tooth-shaped grinding and shaping machine is a multi-functional machine tool, which can modify shape and measure gear contact precision. Determine the noise condition under load conditions. The working efficiency is 20 times that of the gear grinding machine, and the manufacturing cost is one tenth of the gear grinding machine. Other effects are to be verified, further verified and improved.
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