Central Control Panel
Automotive instrumentation is an important interface between drivers and cars for information exchange. With the development of automotive electronics technology, the traffic conditions of automobiles and the information volume of various agencies and components have increased significantly. When drivers are driving vehicles, they must learn more about the various parameters of automobiles and engines in order to take timely measures. Measures to prevent accidents.
Electronic Instrument Display Devices In the mid-1980s, with the advancement of electronic technology and the emergence of new sensors and new electronic display components, automotive electronic instruments have been rapidly adopted. The current electronic display devices used in automobiles include the following: light emitting diodes (LEDs), vacuum fluorescent display (VFD), liquid crystal display (LCD), and cathode ray tube (CRT).
Light-emitting diodes were first used on digital watches in the late 1960s and were gradually known. Its simple structure, small size and long service life have gradually replaced incandescent bulbs used in traditional instruments. However, light-emitting diodes show good results when the environment is dark, and are difficult to identify under direct sunlight. Light-emitting diodes are only suitable for displaying text messages and bar graphics. The vacuum screen display consists of many electrodes encapsulated in a vacuum glass container, which is made to emit light by high-speed electrons impinging on the fluorescent material.
The vacuum fluorescent display has a wider color gamut than the light-emitting diodes. Color display can be performed only with a considerable operating voltage, and it is easy to connect with the control circuit, and is suitable for displaying various texts and images. It has high reliability, easy reading, and many colors to choose from, but it is easy to shatter.
The liquid crystal display is based on the principle of changing the tilt direction of an array of liquid crystal molecules under the influence of an applied electric field. The tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules changes so that its optical characteristics change. The liquid crystal display has the advantages of large display area, clear display, low energy consumption, uninfluenced display under direct sunlight, and display of different colors through the filter. Currently, LCD screens are widely used
Electronic meter display method
Character segment display method: It is a method of displaying digits or characters using seven segments, fourteen segments, or sixteen segments. The number 0-9 can be composed of seven segments, and the numbers 0-9 and AZ can be composed of fourteen segments. Each segment can be lit individually or in groups to form any number, character, or character. Group numbers, characters.
Lattice display method: The dot matrix is ​​a component arranged in rows and columns, with 7 rows, 5 columns, 9 rows and 7 columns. The lattice element can be a separate light-emitting diode and liquid crystal display, or it can be a separate screen with a vacuum fluorescent tube display. Electronic circuit power supply lighting elements, the numbers 0-9 and letters AZ can be combined by various elements.
Special symbol display method: The vacuum fluorescent display and liquid crystal display can also display some special symbols.
Speedometer
Speedometer
The most prominent of the dashboards is the speedometer, which indicates the speed of the car, and the unit is km/h (km/h). The automobile odometer actually consists of two tables, one is a speedometer and the other is an odometer.
Introduction
The traditional speedometer is a mechanical type. A typical mechanical odometer connects a flexible shaft. There is a wire cable in the flexible shaft. The other end of the flexible shaft is connected to a certain gear in the transmission. The gear rotates to rotate the wire cable. Driving a magnet in the odometer cover circle, the cover ring and the pointer are connected and the pointer is set to zero through the hairspring, and the speed of the magnet rotation speed changes the size of the magnetic force line, and the balanced broken pointer is driven. This speed odometer is simple and practical, and is widely used in small and large cars. Most cars use speedometers without electronic sensors of the shaft. The common one is to obtain signals from the speed sensor on the transmission through the pulse frequency. The change causes the pointer to deflect or display a number to indicate the speed of the car. The automobile odometer also includes two liquid crystal digital display windows connected to the same signal source, and accumulates this mileage and total mileage respectively. This mileage usually has four digits for short-term counting, which can be cleared; the total mileage has six digits and cannot be cleared. The mileage accumulated by the electronic odometer is stored in the non-volatile memory, and the data can be stored in the powerless state.
Tachometer
Tachometer
The tachometer is a measure of the engine speed, which is related to the number of work times per unit time or the effective power of the engine. That is, the effective power of the engine changes with the speed. Therefore, when describing the magnitude of the engine's effective power, it must be specified at the same time. The effective power and the corresponding rotational speeds specified on the engine's product label are referred to as the calibrated power and the calibrated rotational speed, respectively. The operating conditions of the engine at the rated power and the rated speed are called calibration conditions. The rated power is not the maximum power that can be emitted by the engine. It is the maximum use limit of the effective power based on the engine use. The same type of engine, when its use is different, the calibration power value is not the same. The effective torque also varies with engine operating conditions. Therefore, the engine's maximum torque and its corresponding rotational speed can be used as an indicator to evaluate the engine's dynamic performance.
Water temperature meter
The water temperature meter is used to measure the temperature of the normal operation of the automobile engine, too high or too low is not conducive to the normal operation of the engine and the performance of the engine, the heat generated by the engine work is difficult to meet the conventional air cooling, so widely used water-cooled thermal design .
Water temperature meter normal
In order to ensure that the engine works in the normal temperature range, the car is equipped with an engine coolant temperature sensor, which is usually displayed on the dashboard of the car (water temperature meter). If the antifreeze temperature is too high, an alarm will occur. In general, the engine water temperature meter is displayed with a solid or virtual dial indicator, while a few vehicles do not have a dashboard, and warning signs appear only when the temperature is too high. Whether it is an entity or a virtual water temperature meter, its pointer orientation is basically similar, and it is generally marked with a 60°C--120°C dial or Cold(C)-Hot(H). Antifreeze is different from the traditional tap water, its added calcium chloride, organic methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerin and other components make it can work at temperatures above 100 °C.
The temperature of the engine coolant is not as low as possible, nor is it as high as possible. It needs to be within a certain range. The normal temperature is 90°C in the center of the pointer. After the start of the vehicle, the temperature of the antifreeze rises rapidly. After the pointer reaches the central position, the temperature of the antifreeze in the heat exchange equilibrium no longer rises. In general, the best start is when the temperature reaches the middle position. This is one of the reasons why the vehicle must be heated before starting the vehicle. .
Water temperature fault analysis
In general, the failure of the cooling system mainly includes leakage of liquid, insufficient cooling fluid, cooling fan failure, and circulating water pump failure.
(1) Leakage and insufficient cooling fluid The cooling system leaks fluid and causes the lack of antifreeze. As a result, the antifreeze temperature rises. If the antifreeze is found to be low, you should first check for leaks. If not, add the same type of antifreeze in time. , Do not add tap water or other types of antifreeze, so as to avoid dilution or even precipitation, resulting in failure or failure.
2 Cooling Fan Failure Cooling fan failure will cause heat to be transferred to the antifreeze during the high engine speed of the car engine. This will lead to inefficient heat dissipation, resulting in an increase in the temperature of the antifreeze solution. This in turn will cause problems such as “opening the panâ€. Be careful when driving on the road. When the temperature of the antifreeze is abnormal, stop the vehicle at the first speed, but do not turn off the fan and check if there is a fault in the cooling fan and circulating water pump.
3 Circulation pump failure After the pump malfunctions, the water on the heat-conducting side of the engine cannot be circulated in time, causing the water temperature to rise rapidly after the engine starts up, the cooling system malfunctioning, the water temperature alarming, and the phenomenon of “opening the panâ€. If it is discovered early and appropriate measures are taken, greater failure losses such as pulling cylinders caused by poor cooling will be avoided; therefore, it is necessary to stop and check the failure as soon as the water temperature is too high, the warning light is on, and the phenomenon of “opening the pot†is discovered. Root cause, if necessary, help the repair station to solve.
Fuel gauge
The fuel gauge is used to indicate the amount of oil in the car's fuel tank. It can be a pointer or digital display. The fuel gauge consists of a fuel level indicator with a regulator and an oil level sensor. The function of the fuel low oil level alarm device is to light up the alarm immediately when the amount of fuel in the fuel tank is less than a specified value, so as to attract the attention of the driver.
Fuel Gauge Introduction
The function of the fuel meter is very rich and advanced. It can display the fuel oil value in the car tank in real time, accurately tells the owner how much the car is consuming, and how much storage is left in the tank. The owner also made a judgment based on the display of the fuel gauge to see if he needs to refuel or how many miles he can travel. The fuel gauge is equivalent to a warning light for the life of a car. The fuel gauge is an indicator on the engine that shows the amount of oil, either as an indicator or as a digital display.
The current automobile fuel meter is mainly divided into two types: digital fuel gauge and pointer fuel gauge. Most of the digital display fuel gauges are equipped with LED display for easy viewing. The owner can decide whether to need refueling according to the fuel gauge showing the remaining fuel in the tank. If you need to add fuel, the fuel gauge can also accurately display the value of each added oil. The fuel meter not only serves as a scale, but it can also more accurately and accurately display the vehicle's fuel consumption per kilometer and vehicle's fuel consumption, and whether it can save fuel. The fuel gauge will also remind the owner of the vehicle's remaining fuel mileage. If the owner does not refuel in time, once the fuel storage is below a certain value, the fuel gauge of the car will have an oil alarm function. In addition, car fuel gauges can even display car odometers, which can store real-time measurement data for three months for data management.
Fuel gauge working principle
The fuel meter is mainly composed of two parts: a transmitter for measuring the fuel level in the fuel tank and a fuel gauge for displaying the measurement result to the driver.
The sending device is located in the car's fuel tank. It consists of a buoy attached to a thin metal rod, which is usually made of foamed plastic. The end of the metal rod is mounted on a variable resistor. A resistor is a device that blocks current flow. The greater the resistance, the smaller the current that passes through. In the tank, the variable resistor consists of a piece of resistive material grounded at one end. A slide arm connected to the fuel gauge slides along the sheet of resistive material to conduct current from the fuel gauge to the resistor. If the slide arm is close to the ground of the resistor, the resistance material through which the current passes is reduced, so the resistance becomes smaller. If the slide arm is located at the other end of the resistance plate, the resistance material through which the current passes increases, so the resistance becomes larger. When the buoy is near the top of the tank, the slider on the variable resistor is close to the ground (negative) terminal, which means that the resistance becomes smaller and a relatively large current can be returned to the fuel gauge through the sending device. When the liquid level in the tank drops, the buoy sinks, causing the slide arm to move and the resistance to increase, so that the current returned to the fuel gauge is relatively reduced.
The fuel gauge is also a very simple device. The current flowing from the transmitter passes through a resistor that may wrap around or around a bimetal. The bimetal is connected to the fuel gauge pointer via a connecting rod. As the resistance increases, the current through the heating coil becomes smaller, so the bimetal cools down. As the metal sheet cools, the metal sheet will straighten, causing the fuel gauge to point from full. A bimetal is a piece of metal that is pressed together by two different kinds of metal. The metal constituting the metal sheet expands or contracts with heating or cooling. Each metal has its own specific expansion rate. The two metals that make up the metal sheet have been specially selected, and their expansion rate and shrinkage rate are different. When the metal sheet is heated, since the degree of expansion of one metal is smaller than that of the other metal, the metal sheet may be bent and the outer side is a metal with a large degree of expansion. This bending motion is the reason for the pointer to rotate.
Alarm indicator (1)
Alarm indicator (1)
1 timing tooth belt indicator light
Some imported cars that use timing belt drives and top-mounted camshafts generally limit the service life of the engine timing toothed belt (approximately 10kkm) and must be replaced by that time. In order to enable the maintenance personnel to replace the timing belt on time, the timing belt indicator "T.BELT" is set on the instrument panel. The following points must be noted during use.
(1) When the indicator light is on, you should observe the odometer immediately. If the accumulated mileage reaches or exceeds 100000 km, you must replace the timing tooth belt. Otherwise, the timing tooth belt may break and the engine will not work properly.
(2) After replacing the new timing belt, remove the rubber stopper outside the reset switch on the odometer dial and press the inside of the reset switch with a small round bar to make the timing belt indicator light extinguish. If the indicator does not extinguish after the reset switch is operated, the reset switch may malfunction or the circuit may be grounded. Check and troubleshoot the switch.
(3) After replacing the new timing belt, remove the odometer and adjust all readings on the odometer to “0â€.
(4) If the car has not traveled 10k km light has been lit, you can press the reset switch to make the timing belt indicator light goes out.
(5) If the timing belt is replaced before the indicator lights up, remove the odometer and reset the range counter so that the zero of the range counter gear in the odometer is aligned with its drive gear.
(6) If only the odometer is replaced and the timing belt is not replaced, the counter gear should be set at the position of the original odometer.
2 Exhaust temperature warning light
Modern cars are equipped with a three-way catalytic converter on the exhaust pipe, so the exhaust temperature is increased. However, excessive exhaust temperatures can easily cause damage to the three-way catalytic converter. Therefore, these cars are installed with an exhaust temperature. Alarm device. When the exhaust temperature warning light is on, the driver should immediately reduce the speed or stop. After the exhaust temperature drops, the warning light will automatically extinguish (but the fuse exhaust temperature warning light is on, if not adjusted or repaired , It will be on.) If the exhaust temperature warning light does not go out, you should find out the reason and continue driving after troubleshooting.
3 drive anti-slip control indicator
The pattern of the drive anti-skid control system (ASR) indicator is a "â–³" symbol in the circle. For example, the FAW-Borke 1.8T sedan has a non-slip control function. When the car accelerates, if the ASR detects that the wheels have a tendency to slip, the output torque of the engine is reduced by intermittently closing the injection and retarding the ignition advance angle to adjust the torque. Traction to prevent the drive wheels from slipping. ASR can work with ABS at any speed range. When the ignition switch is turned on, ASR is automatically enabled, the so-called "default selection". The driver can manually cancel the anti-skid control through the ASR button on the dashboard. When the ASR indicator on the dashboard lights up, the ASR is off.
In the following cases, the wheel needs a certain degree of slippage and the ASR system should be shut down.
(1) Wheels have snow chains installed.
(2) The car travels on snow or on soft surfaces.
(3) The car is trapped somewhere and needs to move back and forth to get out of trouble.
(4) The car starts on the ramp, but when the adhesion of one side wheel is extremely low (for example, the right tire is on the ice, and the left tire is on a dry road).
If the above situation does not exist, do not close ASR. When the ASR indicator lights up during driving, it indicates that the electronic control unit (ECU) has turned off the anti-skid system and the driver feels heavy steering wheel operation. According to the working principle of the ABS/ASR system, when the system fails, the transmission of the wheel speed sensor signal will be interrupted, and the other control systems (such as the steering assist system) that need the wheel speed signal to work properly will be affected at the same time. Only when the failure of ASR is ruled out, the heavy steering wheel operation will disappear.
4 high beam indicator
Indicates whether the headlight is in a high beam state. Normally, this indicator is off. Lights up when the dashboard high beam is on and the high beam momentarily lit function is used.
5 Safety belt indicator
The indicator lights showing the status of the seat belts will be on for a few seconds depending on the type of vehicle, or they will be extinguished until the seat belts are fastened, and some vehicles will also have audible alerts.
6 O/D block indicator
The O/D indicator lamp is used to display the working status of the Over-Drive overdrive. When the O/D indicator is flashing, the O/D stop is locked.
7 internal cycle indicator
This indicator is used to display the working status of the vehicle's air conditioning system and is normally off. When the inner cycle button is turned on, the indicator lights automatically when the vehicle closes the outer loop.
8 width indicator
The width indicator is used to display the working status of the vehicle width light. It is normally off. When the width indicator is on, the indicator will light up.
9 VSC indicator
This indicator is used to display the working status of the vehicle VSC (Electronic Vehicle Stability System), which mostly appears on Japanese cars. When this LED is lit, it indicates that the VSC system has been turned off.
10 TCS indicator
This indicator is used to display the operating status of the vehicle TCS (Traction Control System), which is mostly present on Japanese cars. When this indicator is on, it indicates that the TCS system has been turned off.
Alarm indicator (2)
Alarm indicator (2)
1 brake warning light
The brake warning light is red and the pattern has a "!" symbol inside the circle. If the red brake warning light is lit, the brake system has the following conditions:
(1) The brake lining wears heavily;
(2) The brake fluid is too low;
(3) The parking brake has been tightened (park brake switch closed);
(4) Under normal circumstances, if the red brake warning light is on, the ABS warning light will light at the same time, because in the case of a fault in the conventional braking system, ABS can not play its due role;
2 Anti-lock brake light
The anti-lock brake warning light is yellow (or amber) and the pattern is “ABS†in the circle.
For vehicles equipped with anti-lock braking system (ABS), when the ignition switch is turned to the “ON†position, the ABS warning light on the instrument panel is lighted for 3 s 6 s. This is the ABS self-test process and it is a normal phenomenon. . At the end of the self-test process, if the ABS is normal, the warning light will go out. If the ABS warning light is continuously on after the self-test, it means that the ABS electronic control unit has detected a fault that is not conducive to the normal operation of the anti-lock braking system (for example, when the vehicle speed exceeds 20 km/h, the wheel speed sensor signal is abnormal), Or EBV (Electronic Brake Force Distribution System) has been closed.
In this case, if you continue to drive, because the function of the brake system has been affected, the electronic brake force distribution system no longer adjusts the braking force of the rear wheels. The rear wheels may be locked or tail-flicking at the time of braking. The risk of accidents should be overhauled.
During the running of the vehicle, the ABS warning light flashes or lights up to indicate the degree of fault. Flashing indicates that the fault has been confirmed and stored by the ECU. Steady light indicates a loss of ABS function. If you find that the car's braking performance is abnormal during driving, but the ABS warning light is off, it means that the fault is in the mechanical and hydraulic components of the braking system, not in the electronic control system.
3 Airbag indicator
There are three display methods for the airbag system (SRS) indicator. One is the word "SRS", the other is the word "AIR BAG" (the Toyota car produced before August 1992), and the third is the "airbag protection occupant" graphic. The main function of the SRS indicator light is to indicate whether the airbag system is in a normal state and has a fault self-diagnosis function. If the SRS indicator lights up after the ignition switch is turned to the ON (or ACC) position and the fault code is displayed again, the voltage of the battery (or the standby power supply of the SRS control unit) is too low, but the SRS control unit is designed. The fault codes are not stored in the memory, so there is no fault code display. When the power supply voltage returns to normal for about 10 seconds, the SRS indicator will automatically extinguish.
Since the SRS is not used at ordinary times, it will be scrapped once it is used. Therefore, unlike other systems on the vehicle, the SRS does not show a fault phenomenon during use, and must rely on the self-diagnosis function to find out the cause of the fault. Therefore, the SRS indicator and fault The code becomes the most important source of fault information and diagnostic basis.
4 Danger warning lights
Danger warning lights are used to warn other vehicles and pedestrians in the event of a major car breakdown or emergency. The hazard warning signal is indicated by the blinking of the front, rear, left and right blinkers. The hazard warning light is controlled by an independent switch, which generally shares a flasher with the turn signal. When the hazard warning light switch is turned on, both sides of the turn indicator circuit are turned on at the same time, and the front, rear, left, and right turn signals and the turn indicators on the instrument panel flash at the same time. Because the hazard warning light circuit connects the flasher to the battery, the hazard warning light can also be used when the ignition is off and on.
5 battery indicator
The indicator light showing the working status of the battery. Turns on after the switch is turned on, and goes out after the engine starts. If the light is off or the light is on, check the generator and circuit immediately.
6 Fuel indicator
The fuel shortage indicator lights up. When this light is on, it indicates that the fuel is running out. Normally, the vehicle can travel about 50 kilometers before the fuel runs out.
7 Cleaning liquid indicator
The indicator light of the windshield washer fluid is displayed. If the washer fluid is about to run out, the light is on, prompting the owner to add the washer fluid in time. After the cleaning fluid is added, the indicator goes out.
8 Electronic throttle indicator
This lamp is more common in Volkswagen's models. When the vehicle starts its self-test, the EPC lamp will light up for a few seconds and then go out. A malfunction occurs. The light is on, and maintenance should be done in time.
9 Front and rear fog lights
The indicator light is used to display the working conditions of the front and rear fog lights. When the front and rear fog lights are turned on, the two lights are on. In the figure, the front fog lamp is on the left and the rear fog lamp is on the right.
10 Direction indicator When the direction indicator is on, the corresponding indicator lights flash at a certain frequency. When the double flash warning light button is pressed, both lights are on at the same time. After the turn signal turns off, the indicator light goes out automatically.
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