Mineral flotation is a complex physical and chemical process carried out in a gas-liquid-solid three-phase system, which is carried out at the three-phase interface of gas, liquid and liquid. The difference in floatability between minerals has an important influence on the effective sorting of minerals. The floatability of minerals is closely related to the wettability of mineral surfaces, the composition and structure of minerals, and the electrical properties of mineral surfaces. The wettability of the mineral surface affects the hydrophilicity or sulphur water content of the mineral surface, thus affecting the floatability of the mineral; the composition and structure of the mineral determine the surface bond energy of the mineral, affecting the floatability of the mineral; the adsorption is a flotation mineral The main form of interaction between the agent and the bubble is accompanied by the entire flotation process. Floating slurry beneficiation, mineral particles are dispersed and gathered Flotation have a major impact on its behavior. The flotation rate is an important indicator to measure the speed of the flotation process.
In the flotation machine flotation process, the phenomenon that the mineral particles adhere to the bubbles is called the mineralization of the bubbles. The mineralization of the bubbles is the basic behavior in the flotation process, which makes the final separation of useful minerals and useless minerals. The mineralization of the bubbles has a certain selectivity, that is, the hydrophobic mineral preferentially adheres to the bubbles, and the stronger the hydrophobicity, the easier it is to adhere to the bubbles. The mineralization of the bubbles is not only related to the surface properties of the ore particles, but also to the size of the bubbles, the flow state of the slurry in the flotation machine tank, and the like.
During the mineralization of the bubbles, the surface properties of the ore particles and the size of the particles are different. Therefore, the difficulty of mineralization bubbles rising is not the same. Reflected in time, it shows the difference in the speed of mineralization bubbles rising. In order to indicate the final result of the bubble mineralization process and the degree of the flotation process, the index of flotation rate is introduced.
During the flotation process, there are many factors affecting the flotation rate, which can be roughly classified into four factors.
(1) The nature of minerals. That is, the type, composition, particle size composition, surface properties, particle properties and monomer dissociation degree of minerals, and the properties of mineral impurities.
(2) Performance of flotation reagents. The type, amount and performance of the agent used in the flotation, the pH value of the floated medium and the water quality.
(3) Flotation machine performance. The type, structure and process properties of the flotation machine used in the production, such as the stirring strength, the amount of gas, the degree of dispersion of the gas and the uniformity of the distribution of the bubbles, the thickness of the foam layer formed, the speed of the foaming and the stability of the surface.
(4) Operational factors. The flotation rate will be affected by the adjustment and control of human concentration, sorting granularity, ore feeding, wave height, foam layer thickness and secondary bubble velocity during flotation.
In the flotation production, under the premise of maintaining product quality, the flotation rate should be increased as much as possible, the processing capacity of the flotation machine should be improved, and the production cost should be reduced.
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