A transport system
For mines with natural caving method in the application stage, due to the large production capacity, the circular transportation system for loading the roadway through the veins is generally adopted. The spacing of the tunnels through the veins is determined according to the selected mining method and the layout of the mining roadway.
B mining system
The mining methods adopted in the stage natural caving method include gravity (grid sieve), electric shovel and scraper mining. The method of ore-mining mainly depends on the block composition of the ore and the physical and mechanical properties of the ore. When the caving ore is small, and the crushing is relatively uniform, gravity (grid) is used for mining; if the caving ore is medium, and the large output rate is not too high, the eel is used for mining; the caving ore is larger and larger. When the block yield is high, it is advisable to use a scraper to mine. The mining cost of the three types of mining methods is the lowest, the latter is the highest, and the electric mining method is between the two.
(1) Gravity mining method, as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Gravity mining
1-Transportation roadway; 2-minening chute; 3-branch chute; 4-grid roadway;
5-funnel; 6-pull roadway; 7-pull hole; 8-way
This quasi-engineering the amount of ore mining way of larger, more funds and time required for production preparation, complex structure, large labor intensity, but relatively easy to achieve control of ore, help to reduce the ore loss and dilution, ore low cost.
(2) There are two arrangements for the eel mining method: the first one is that the electric roadway is directly arranged on the roof of the tunnel, and there is no transshipment and drainage well, which is directly loaded by the eel mine, as shown in Figure 2. Shown. The advantage of this arrangement is that the bottom column has a small amount of minerals; the amount of mining work is small; and the ventilation engineering arrangement is relatively simple. The disadvantage is that there is no storage capacity, and the electro-hydrazine ore and the lower ore are mutually constrained. The second type is the layout of the transfer mine. Its advantages and disadvantages are contrary to the first arrangement.
Figure 2 eDonkey mining
1-total return air duct; 2-transport lane; 3-return lane; 4-electric roadway;
5-lower roadway; 6-pullhole blasthole; 7-return air patio; 8-return well; 9-personal well
The electric shovel mining method is adopted, the capital investment is small, the mining equipment is durable and easy to maintain, but it is difficult to implement the mine control, and the utilization rate of the concentrating funnel, the output per unit area and the labor productivity of the mining workers are low.
(3) The method of mining the scraper, as shown in Figure 3. The use of large-scale scraper mining, strong adaptability to the collapse of ore block, the use of mechanical equipment to concentrate on secondary crushing ore, high mining efficiency, easy to achieve controlled ore mining, is the most flexible way of mining. However, due to the large section of the mining roadway, it is not suitable for the condition of poor stability of the ore. In addition, the use of diesel trackless equipment requires a large amount of wind, so the cost of mining is high.
Figure 3 Scraper mining system
1-Scraper road; 2-loading approach; 3-flat bottom V-groove; 4-draw roadway; 5--mining trench blasthole;
6-lower blasthole; 7-mining runway; 8-transport roadway; 9-return airway roadway; 10-return airway roadway;
C ventilation engineering
At the stage, the natural caving method is concentrated and the production capacity is large, so the air volume is required. In order to reduce air leakage and ensure wind quality, there are generally dedicated air inlet ducts and return air ducts. The main ventilation project is arranged at a level of 10 to 15 m below the transport level.
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