Engine section
1. Cylinder Diameter The cylinder diameter is referred to as the bore diameter and is the internal diameter of the cylinder. The unit is expressed in mm.
2. Piston stroke The distance between the top and bottom dead center of the piston, expressed in mm.
3. Top dead center position of the piston from the centerline of the crankshaft.
4. The bottom dead center piston is located at the minimum distance from the centerline of the crankshaft.
5. Cylinder Working Volume The working volume of a cylinder is usually called “displacement†and is the volume swept by the piston between the top and bottom dead centers. The unit is expressed in ml or cm3.
6. Compression ratio The ratio between the maximum volume and the minimum volume of the cylinder (both including the combustion chamber volume), also known as the geometric compression ratio.
7. The effective compression ratio is the ratio of the cylinder volume to the minimum volume of the cylinder (both including the combustion chamber volume) at the moment when the engine sweep (in) port and the exhaust port are all closed. Obviously, the combustible mixture entering the cylinder is officially compressed from this instant.
8. The crankcase compression ratio is the ratio of the maximum and minimum volumes of the crankcase (both including the scavenging volume).
9. The work cycle consists of a cycle consisting of sweeping, compression, combustion expansion, and exhaust. Each work cycle performance of the fuel energy to mechanical energy transferred as a chemical. At the same time, the reciprocating linear motion of the piston is changed to the crankshaft by the crankshaft linkage mechanism, and the torque is output.
10. The reciprocating piston gasoline engine uses gasoline as fuel. After being gasified, it becomes a combustible mixture of gasoline and air and enters the cylinder. After compression and ignition, it releases heat energy and pushes the piston to perform linear motion. When the piston reaches bottom dead center And, by means of inertial upward dead-end motion and the introduction of (sweep) gas and compression, at the same time, thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy. This internal combustion engine is a reciprocating piston gasoline engine, or simply a gasoline engine. The vast majority of current motorcycles use gasoline engines as their motive force. What is usually called a motorcycle engine is a gasoline engine for motorcycles.
11. A two-stroke engine is a gasoline engine in which the piston completes one working cycle after two strokes.
12. A four-stroke engine is a gasoline engine that has completed one cycle of operation on four strokes of the piston.
13. The scavenging process uses the pressure difference between the scavenging port and the exhaust port to drive the exhaust gas out of the cylinder with a fresh combustible mixture, which is referred to as scavenging for short.
14. Purge Efficiency The ratio of the fresh combustible mixture remaining in the cylinder to the total volume of gas that contains a portion of the exhaust gas in the cylinder during a work cycle.
15. Cylinder compression pressure In the case of non-combustion, the maximum pressure in the cylinder created by the compression of the piston. The cylinder pressure gauge is usually mounted on the spark plug hole and measured with the motor dragging the engine to the specified speed.
16. Spark angle The angle of crankshaft rotation from the moment the spark plug flashes to the piston's top dead center during compression.
17. The phase of the valve is calculated based on the angle of rotation of the crankshaft, which is based on the opening and closing time of the scavenging gas and the exhaust mechanism with the piston at the top and bottom dead center.
18. Residual exhaust gas The exhaust gas remaining in the cylinder just after completing a work cycle.
19. A part of carbon particles and impurities that have been incompletely burned due to various causes deposit on the parts of the combustion chamber, the piston top, the piston ring groove, and the exhaust port.
20. Knocking knock, also known as deflagration, is a malfunction. During the operation of the gasoline engine, the local combustible gas mixture causes spontaneous combustion due to the pre-flame reaction, and propagates the flame at a very high speed, generating shock waves with explosive properties, and emitting a sharp metal knocking sound.
twenty one. Gasoline in the air-suppressed engine oil supply system and its pipelines are gasified due to the influence of high temperature and oil supply interruption occurs.
twenty two. The power of the calibration power, which is calibrated by the engine manufacturer itself, is the basis for the engine user and the quality inspection agency to determine whether the product power indicator is qualified or not.
twenty three. Calibrate the speed at which the speed engine emits the rated power.
twenty four. Maximum power When the throttle is fully open, the engine allows the maximum net power delivered in a short period of time. The “short time†mentioned here refers to the time required for the engine to run steadily and the automatic fuel consumption meter measures the fuel consumption.
25. Maximum power speed The speed at which maximum power is emitted.
26. The net power engine is fitted with all accessories under actual conditions of use and is run on the engine test bench at the speed specified by the manufacturer. The measured output power of the engine PTO shaft.
27. The effective power is usually the power that the crankshaft directly outputs, minus the mechanically lost power. The mechanical loss power is the power measured on the power output shaft (such as the sprocket shaft of the transmission) when the dynamometer is used to drive the engine to the nominal speed without combustion.
28. The ratio of mechanical efficiency effective power to crankshaft output power. The crankshaft output power is also referred to as the indicated power.
29. Reserve power The difference between the maximum power of the engine and the calibrated power. It can sometimes be understood as the difference between the maximum power and the power needed in most cases in actual use.
30. Maximum torque The maximum torque value on the speed characteristic curve (ie, external characteristic curve) when the throttle is fully open.
31. The maximum torque speed corresponds to the engine speed at the maximum torque value.
32. In the speed characteristic test, the throttle is fixed at a certain opening, and the power, torque and fuel consumption rate at several equally spaced speeds are measured by changing the load. Then, the power points at different rotating speeds are connected (the torque and fuel consumption curves are also the same). The curve is the speed characteristic curve. This test method is called the speed characteristic test.
33. The characteristic curve of the external characteristic is tested under different throttle opening degrees, and the velocity characteristic curve of each throttle opening can be drawn. These curves are roughly parallel. In the longitudinal direction, the larger the throttle opening, the higher the curve is, and the speed characteristic curve when the throttle is fully open is at the highest position, basically covering the speed characteristic curve of the other throttle opening that is smaller than the full throttle opening. Since this curve is located on the outermost side, it is called an outer characteristic curve.
34. Minimum No-load Steady Speed ​​The measured rotational speed when the engine is operating at a minimum speed under no load conditions, usually referred to as "idle". According to the standards, the idle speed must be continuously running for 15 minutes under no-load conditions. The speed fluctuation rate is ±10%, which is measured every 3 minutes. Obviously, the lower the idle speed, the better the idle performance of the engine.
35. Minimum fuel consumption rate The fuel consumption rate indicated in the lowest point of the curve on the fuel consumption curve drawn in the external characteristic test. The smoother the fuel consumption curve of the motorcycle engine, shows that the fuel consumption at different speeds is close to the minimum fuel consumption rate, and the motorcycle's economic fuel consumption is the best.
36. Knocking the engine under idle conditions, the piston in the reciprocating motion, the skirt hits the cylinder and emits a sound of “when, when, when...†This fault phenomenon is called knocking. A slight knock can naturally disappear after the engine enters thermal equilibrium.
37. Holding cylinder Because of the small clearance between the piston and the cylinder, the thermal expansion coefficient of the piston, and the overheating of the engine, the engine is in operation and the piston and the cylinder stick together and stop running. Therefore, it is also called “sticky cylinderâ€.
38. In the operation of the pull cylinder piston, the skirt and the cylinder wall are pulled. When the pull piston is pulled, the pull is pulled out and the groove is pulled out, resulting in a "failure to both sides."
39. Hybrid lubrication Hybrid lubrication is a lubrication method for two-stroke gasoline engines. It evenly mixes gasoline and lubricating oil into a fuel tank according to a certain volume mixing ratio. After being atomized in the carburetor, it is atomized into the cylinder together with air through the oil supply system. Part of the oil in the oil mist adheres to the piston by its viscosity. And on the cylinder wall and connecting rod bearings on the large and small, play a role in lubrication; the other part is involved in combustion. The advantage of this lubrication method is that there is no need to install separate lubrication mechanisms, which simplifies the structure of the engine; the disadvantage is that regardless of how the engine operating conditions change, the amount of lubricant can not be changed, lubrication is not reasonable, therefore, this lubrication method is being eliminated.
40. Separation Lubrication Separation Lubrication is a lubrication method for two-stroke gasoline engines. During engine operation, the oil flows from the oil tank into the oil pump (commonly known as the drip pump, plunger structure). The oil pump pumps the oil into the main channel of the carburetor through the oil pipe, and atomizes it with atomized gasoline after being atomized by high-speed airflow. The air enters the cylinder together. The principle of separation lubrication is the same as that of mixed lubrication. The difference is that because the oil pump is linked to the crankshaft of the engine, the higher the crankshaft speed is, the greater the amount of oil pumped is, so it is more reasonable than the hybrid lubrication. This separation of lubrication has been widely applied to the two-stroke motorcycle engine.
Vehicle part
1. The quality of an empty car when it is not loaded (including drivers and occupants) or is not carried, the quality of the motorcycle when it fills up with gasoline and oil.
2. The maximum total mass manufactured by the factory shall take into account the specific operating conditions, material strength, tire load capacity, and other factors determined by the sum of empty vehicle mass and loading quality.
3. The maximum loading quality allowed by the factory for the maximum loading quality is actually the maximum total mass of the factory minus the quality of empty vehicles.
4. The factory determines the maximum shaft-loaded mass production plant taking into account the specific operating conditions, material strength, tire load capacity and other factors determined by the distribution of the quality of the shaft. The amount of axle load determines the distribution of loading quality
1. Cylinder Diameter The cylinder diameter is referred to as the bore diameter and is the internal diameter of the cylinder. The unit is expressed in mm.
2. Piston stroke The distance between the top and bottom dead center of the piston, expressed in mm.
3. Top dead center position of the piston from the centerline of the crankshaft.
4. The bottom dead center piston is located at the minimum distance from the centerline of the crankshaft.
5. Cylinder Working Volume The working volume of a cylinder is usually called “displacement†and is the volume swept by the piston between the top and bottom dead centers. The unit is expressed in ml or cm3.
6. Compression ratio The ratio between the maximum volume and the minimum volume of the cylinder (both including the combustion chamber volume), also known as the geometric compression ratio.
7. The effective compression ratio is the ratio of the cylinder volume to the minimum volume of the cylinder (both including the combustion chamber volume) at the moment when the engine sweep (in) port and the exhaust port are all closed. Obviously, the combustible mixture entering the cylinder is officially compressed from this instant.
8. The crankcase compression ratio is the ratio of the maximum and minimum volumes of the crankcase (both including the scavenging volume).
9. The work cycle consists of a cycle consisting of sweeping, compression, combustion expansion, and exhaust. Each work cycle performance of the fuel energy to mechanical energy transferred as a chemical. At the same time, the reciprocating linear motion of the piston is changed to the crankshaft by the crankshaft linkage mechanism, and the torque is output.
10. The reciprocating piston gasoline engine uses gasoline as fuel. After being gasified, it becomes a combustible mixture of gasoline and air and enters the cylinder. After compression and ignition, it releases heat energy and pushes the piston to perform linear motion. When the piston reaches bottom dead center And, by means of inertial upward dead-end motion and the introduction of (sweep) gas and compression, at the same time, thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy. This internal combustion engine is a reciprocating piston gasoline engine, or simply a gasoline engine. The vast majority of current motorcycles use gasoline engines as their motive force. What is usually called a motorcycle engine is a gasoline engine for motorcycles.
11. A two-stroke engine is a gasoline engine in which the piston completes one working cycle after two strokes.
12. A four-stroke engine is a gasoline engine that has completed one cycle of operation on four strokes of the piston.
13. The scavenging process uses the pressure difference between the scavenging port and the exhaust port to drive the exhaust gas out of the cylinder with a fresh combustible mixture, which is referred to as scavenging for short.
14. Purge Efficiency The ratio of the fresh combustible mixture remaining in the cylinder to the total volume of gas that contains a portion of the exhaust gas in the cylinder during a work cycle.
15. Cylinder compression pressure In the case of non-combustion, the maximum pressure in the cylinder created by the compression of the piston. The cylinder pressure gauge is usually mounted on the spark plug hole and measured with the motor dragging the engine to the specified speed.
16. Spark angle The angle of crankshaft rotation from the moment the spark plug flashes to the piston's top dead center during compression.
17. The phase of the valve is calculated based on the angle of rotation of the crankshaft, which is based on the opening and closing time of the scavenging gas and the exhaust mechanism with the piston at the top and bottom dead center.
18. Residual exhaust gas The exhaust gas remaining in the cylinder just after completing a work cycle.
19. A part of carbon particles and impurities that have been incompletely burned due to various causes deposit on the parts of the combustion chamber, the piston top, the piston ring groove, and the exhaust port.
20. Knocking knock, also known as deflagration, is a malfunction. During the operation of the gasoline engine, the local combustible gas mixture causes spontaneous combustion due to the pre-flame reaction, and propagates the flame at a very high speed, generating shock waves with explosive properties, and emitting a sharp metal knocking sound.
twenty one. Gasoline in the air-suppressed engine oil supply system and its pipelines are gasified due to the influence of high temperature and oil supply interruption occurs.
twenty two. The power of the calibration power, which is calibrated by the engine manufacturer itself, is the basis for the engine user and the quality inspection agency to determine whether the product power indicator is qualified or not.
twenty three. Calibrate the speed at which the speed engine emits the rated power.
twenty four. Maximum power When the throttle is fully open, the engine allows the maximum net power delivered in a short period of time. The “short time†mentioned here refers to the time required for the engine to run steadily and the automatic fuel consumption meter measures the fuel consumption.
25. Maximum power speed The speed at which maximum power is emitted.
26. The net power engine is fitted with all accessories under actual conditions of use and is run on the engine test bench at the speed specified by the manufacturer. The measured output power of the engine PTO shaft.
27. The effective power is usually the power that the crankshaft directly outputs, minus the mechanically lost power. The mechanical loss power is the power measured on the power output shaft (such as the sprocket shaft of the transmission) when the dynamometer is used to drive the engine to the nominal speed without combustion.
28. The ratio of mechanical efficiency effective power to crankshaft output power. The crankshaft output power is also referred to as the indicated power.
29. Reserve power The difference between the maximum power of the engine and the calibrated power. It can sometimes be understood as the difference between the maximum power and the power needed in most cases in actual use.
30. Maximum torque The maximum torque value on the speed characteristic curve (ie, external characteristic curve) when the throttle is fully open.
31. The maximum torque speed corresponds to the engine speed at the maximum torque value.
32. In the speed characteristic test, the throttle is fixed at a certain opening, and the power, torque and fuel consumption rate at several equally spaced speeds are measured by changing the load. Then, the power points at different rotating speeds are connected (the torque and fuel consumption curves are also the same). The curve is the speed characteristic curve. This test method is called the speed characteristic test.
33. The characteristic curve of the external characteristic is tested under different throttle opening degrees, and the velocity characteristic curve of each throttle opening can be drawn. These curves are roughly parallel. In the longitudinal direction, the larger the throttle opening, the higher the curve is, and the speed characteristic curve when the throttle is fully open is at the highest position, basically covering the speed characteristic curve of the other throttle opening that is smaller than the full throttle opening. Since this curve is located on the outermost side, it is called an outer characteristic curve.
34. Minimum No-load Steady Speed ​​The measured rotational speed when the engine is operating at a minimum speed under no load conditions, usually referred to as "idle". According to the standards, the idle speed must be continuously running for 15 minutes under no-load conditions. The speed fluctuation rate is ±10%, which is measured every 3 minutes. Obviously, the lower the idle speed, the better the idle performance of the engine.
35. Minimum fuel consumption rate The fuel consumption rate indicated in the lowest point of the curve on the fuel consumption curve drawn in the external characteristic test. The smoother the fuel consumption curve of the motorcycle engine, shows that the fuel consumption at different speeds is close to the minimum fuel consumption rate, and the motorcycle's economic fuel consumption is the best.
36. Knocking the engine under idle conditions, the piston in the reciprocating motion, the skirt hits the cylinder and emits a sound of “when, when, when...†This fault phenomenon is called knocking. A slight knock can naturally disappear after the engine enters thermal equilibrium.
37. Holding cylinder Because of the small clearance between the piston and the cylinder, the thermal expansion coefficient of the piston, and the overheating of the engine, the engine is in operation and the piston and the cylinder stick together and stop running. Therefore, it is also called “sticky cylinderâ€.
38. In the operation of the pull cylinder piston, the skirt and the cylinder wall are pulled. When the pull piston is pulled, the pull is pulled out and the groove is pulled out, resulting in a "failure to both sides."
39. Hybrid lubrication Hybrid lubrication is a lubrication method for two-stroke gasoline engines. It evenly mixes gasoline and lubricating oil into a fuel tank according to a certain volume mixing ratio. After being atomized in the carburetor, it is atomized into the cylinder together with air through the oil supply system. Part of the oil in the oil mist adheres to the piston by its viscosity. And on the cylinder wall and connecting rod bearings on the large and small, play a role in lubrication; the other part is involved in combustion. The advantage of this lubrication method is that there is no need to install separate lubrication mechanisms, which simplifies the structure of the engine; the disadvantage is that regardless of how the engine operating conditions change, the amount of lubricant can not be changed, lubrication is not reasonable, therefore, this lubrication method is being eliminated.
40. Separation Lubrication Separation Lubrication is a lubrication method for two-stroke gasoline engines. During engine operation, the oil flows from the oil tank into the oil pump (commonly known as the drip pump, plunger structure). The oil pump pumps the oil into the main channel of the carburetor through the oil pipe, and atomizes it with atomized gasoline after being atomized by high-speed airflow. The air enters the cylinder together. The principle of separation lubrication is the same as that of mixed lubrication. The difference is that because the oil pump is linked to the crankshaft of the engine, the higher the crankshaft speed is, the greater the amount of oil pumped is, so it is more reasonable than the hybrid lubrication. This separation of lubrication has been widely applied to the two-stroke motorcycle engine.
Vehicle part
1. The quality of an empty car when it is not loaded (including drivers and occupants) or is not carried, the quality of the motorcycle when it fills up with gasoline and oil.
2. The maximum total mass manufactured by the factory shall take into account the specific operating conditions, material strength, tire load capacity, and other factors determined by the sum of empty vehicle mass and loading quality.
3. The maximum loading quality allowed by the factory for the maximum loading quality is actually the maximum total mass of the factory minus the quality of empty vehicles.
4. The factory determines the maximum shaft-loaded mass production plant taking into account the specific operating conditions, material strength, tire load capacity and other factors determined by the distribution of the quality of the shaft. The amount of axle load determines the distribution of loading quality
Waterborne polyurethane coating is a new type of polyurethane system in which water replaces organic solvents as the dispersion medium. It is also called water-dispersed polyurethane, water-based polyurethane or water-based polyurethane. Waterborne polyurethane uses water as the solvent and has the advantages of no pollution, safety and reliability, excellent mechanical properties, good compatibility, and easy modification.
Waterborne Polyurethane Coating
2K Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings,Solvent-Free Polyurethane Coating,Water-Soluble Polyurethane Paints,Waterborne Polyurethane Floor
Eternity International Trading Co;Ltd , https://www.e-tygroup.com