Manganese ore beneficiation flotation process and processing technology, manganese ore beneficiation method, manganese ore beneficiation technology Most of China's manganese ore is a poor ore and must be processed. However, since most manganese ore is a fine-grained or fine-grained inlay, and there are a considerable number of high-phosphorus ore, high-iron ore and common (concomitant) beneficial metals, it is very difficult to be processed. At present, the commonly used manganese ore beneficiation methods are mechanical selection (including washing, sieving, re-election, strong magnetic separation and flotation), as well as fire enrichment and chemical beneficiation.
1. Washing and sieving
Washing is the use of hydraulic washing or additional mechanical scrubbing to separate the ore from the mud. Commonly used equipment includes washing sieves, cylinder washing machines and tank washing machines.
The washing operation is often accompanied by sieving, such as direct flushing on the vibrating screen or sifting the ore (net ore) obtained by the washing machine to the vibrating screen. Screening can be used as an independent operation to separate products of different sizes and grades for different purposes.
2. Re-election
At present, re-election is only used to select manganese ore with simple structure and coarse grain size, which is especially suitable for manganese oxide ore with high density. Common methods include heavy medium dressing, jigging and shaker dressing.
At present, the process of treating manganese oxide ore in China is generally to crush the ore to 6~0mm or 10~0mm, then group, coarse-grade jigging, and fine-level shaker selection. Most of the equipment is a Haz-type reciprocating jig and a 6-S shaker.
3. Strong magnetic selection
Manganese mineral is a weak magnetic mineral [specifical magnetization coefficient X=10×10-6～600×10-6cm3/g], and it can be used in a strong magnetic field magnetic separator with magnetic field strength Ho=800～1600kA/m (10000～20000oe). When recovered, it can generally increase the manganese grade by 4% to 10%.
Due to the simple operation, easy control and strong adaptability of magnetic separation, it can be used for various manganese ore sorting. In recent years, it has dominated manganese ore dressing. Various new types of coarse, medium and fine grain magnetic machines have been successfully developed. At present, the most common application of manganese ore in China is the medium-grain strong magnetic separator. The coarse-grained and fine-grained magnetic separators are gradually being applied. The micro-grain-strong magnetic separator is still in the experimental stage.
4. Heavy-magnetic separation
At present, the heavy-magnetic separation plants that have been newly built and reconstructed in China include Fujian Liancheng, Guangxi Longtou, Jingxi and Xialei. For example, Liancheng Manganese Mine Heavy-Magnetic Separation Plant mainly treats leaching manganese oxide ore, and uses AM-30 jig to treat 30~3mm washed ore, which can obtain high-quality manganese concentrate containing more than 40% manganese. After the removal of impurities, it can be used as a raw material for battery manganese powder. After jigging tailings and less than 3mm washing ore grinding to less than 1m, the selection of manganese ore concentrate should be increased by 24% to 25%, reaching 36% to 40%.
5. Strong magnetic - flotation
At present, only the Zunyi manganese ore is used in the strong magnetic-flotation process. The mine is a low-manganese, low-phosphorus, high-iron manganese ore mainly composed of manganese carbonate ore.
According to industrial tests, the grinding process uses rod mill-ball milling stage grinding, and the equipment scale is φ2100mm×3000mm wet grinding machine. The strong magnetic selection adopts the shp-2000 type strong magnetic machine, and the flotation machine mainly uses the CHF type inflatable flotation machine. After years of production test, the performance is good, it is very suitable for Zunyi manganese ore dressing application. The strong magnetic-flotation process has been successfully tested and applied in production, which indicates that the deep selection of manganese ore in China has taken a big step forward.
6. Fire law enrichment
The enrichment of manganese ore is a sorting method for the treatment of high-phosphorus and high-iron difficult-to-select manganese-poor ore. It is generally called manganese-rich slag method. The essence is a high-temperature sorting method for selectively separating manganese, phosphorus and iron by controlling the temperature of manganese, phosphorus and iron in different temperatures in a blast furnace or an electric furnace.
China has been using fire law for nearly 40 years. In 1959, Hunan Shaoyang Zijiang Iron Works was tested on a 9.4m3 small blast furnace and obtained preliminary results. Subsequently, in 1962, Shanghai Ferroalloy Plant and Shijingshan Iron and Steel Plant smelted manganese-rich slag in the blast furnace. In 1975, Hunan Agateshan manganese ore blast furnace not only produced manganese-rich slag, but also recovered lead , silver and pig iron (commonly known as semi-steel) at the bottom of the furnace, providing a basis for comprehensive utilization. After entering the 1980s, the production of manganese-rich slag has developed rapidly. The production of manganese-rich slag has been developed in Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Liaoning, and Jilin.
The enrichment process of the fire method is simple, the production is stable, and the iron and phosphorus in the ore can be effectively separated to obtain manganese-rich, low-iron, low-phosphorus manganese-rich slag, and the manganese-rich slag generally contains Mn 35% to 45%. Mn/Fe?12～38, P/Mn<0.002, is a high-quality manganese-based alloy raw material, and it is also an artificial rich ore that is difficult to achieve the above three indexes at the same time. Therefore, the enrichment of fire method is a promising method for mineral processing in China for high-phosphorus high-iron and low-manganese refractory ore.
7. Chemical manganese selection
There are many chemical beneficiations of manganese. A lot of research work has been carried out in China, among which there are many experiments, and the development prospects are: dithionate method, manganese ore method and bacterial immersion method. It has not yet been put into industrial production.
(2) Manganese ore powder building block
The agglomeration method includes three processes of sintering, pelletizing, and ball pressing. At present, the sintering method is mostly used in China. Only when the manganese concentrate or fine ore is very fine, and the -200 mesh is more than 80% and the product is not allowed to contain residual carbon, the pellet or the compact is used.
In the early 1950s, China's manganese ore fines were mostly sintered by sintering and soil sintering. With the development of steel production, soil sintering can not meet the requirements, so they have begun to build sintering machines or other efficient building blocks. In 1970, China's first powder manganese ore sintering machine (18m2) was completed and put into operation in Xiangtan Manganese Mine. In 1972, Jiangxi Xinyu Iron and Steel Plant built two sets of 24m2 sintering machines. In 1977, China's first manganese concentrate pelletizing equipment was 80m2 belt type. The roasting machine was completed and put into operation in Zunyi manganese mine. In the 1980s, Xiangtan Manganese Mine, Bayi Manganese Mine and Xiangxiang Ferroalloy Plant successively built 18-24m2 sintering machines, and Shanghai Ferroalloy Plant introduced pressure ball equipment as a powder ore block.
The development of agglomeration technology brings greater economic benefits to the smelting of manganese alloys. Taking Jiangxi Xinyu Iron and Steel Plant as an example, increasing the ratio of clinker in the furnace and replacing the hot sinter with cold-burned ore can greatly improve the technical indicators of blast furnace smelting.
(3) Manganese ore smelting
Manganese ore smelting products mainly include high carbon ferromanganese, medium and low carbon ferromanganese, manganese silicon alloy and manganese metal, which are commonly known as manganese alloys or manganese alloys.
High carbon ferromanganese. China mainly uses blast furnace production. In the 1950s, special manufacturers were not formed to produce blast furnace ferromanganese (high-carbon ferromanganese), but some steel plants were self-smelting and self-selling, and the production volume was small. Since 1958, the Xiangtan manganese mine has successively built 6.5m3 and 33m3 blast furnaces to smelt ferromanganese. After the 1960s, Xinyu, Yangquan, Maanshan No. 3 Plant and Chongqing Iron and Steel No. 4 Plant converted blast furnace ferromanganese into the 80s, blast furnace ferromanganese Develop faster. The output of blast furnace ferromanganese increased from 200,000 tons in 1981 to 400,000 tons in 1995.
The products produced by the electric furnace include carbon ferromanganese, medium and low carbon ferromanganese, manganese silicon alloy and metal manganese. The earliest electric furnace production in China was Jilin Ferroalloy Plant, which was completed and put into operation in 1956. The maximum electric furnace capacity was 12500kVA. In the early 1960s, ferroalloy plants such as Hunan, Zunyi and Shanghai were completed and put into operation. These plants can produce carbon ferromanganese and medium and low. Carbon ferromanganese and manganese silicon alloys; Zunyi Ferroalloy Plant also produces manganese metal by electrothermal method. According to the 1995 National Technical and Economic Indicators for Ferroalloys of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry, 11 of the 15 key ferroalloy plants in China produced manganese alloy products in 1994. These key ferroalloy plants have been continuously developed and expanded to make an important contribution to the steel industry.
Since the 1980s, local small and medium-sized ferroalloy enterprises have developed rapidly. According to statistics, the proportion of ferroalloy production in local small and medium-sized enterprises has increased from 32.39% in 1980 to 54.01% in 1989, and has reached 69.85% in 1996. The number of enterprises has reached more than 1,000. Most of these SMEs use small electric furnaces of 1800kVA, and the equipment is backward, and the quality of the products is relatively poor.
The equipment used in the production of electric furnace ferromanganese and manganese silicon alloy is basically the same, and all use the ore electric furnace. The capacity of the electric furnace transformer is generally 1800~12500kVA. Hunan and Zunyi Ferroalloy Plants have introduced 3000kVA and 31500kVA manganese silicon electric furnaces from Germany, which have been put into production.
In China, the production of high-carbon ferromanganese in electric furnaces is generally carried out by the flux method. The production of manganese-silicon alloys generally uses a slag-based production process.
The production of medium and low carbon ferromanganese mainly includes three types: electric furnace method, oxygen blowing method and shaking method. The shake method includes the production of medium and low carbon ferromanganese in the shake bag and the production of medium and low carbon ferromanganese by the shake-electric furnace method. The shaker-electric furnace method is relatively advanced, the production is stable, and the technical and economic effects are good. At present, Shanghai, Zunyi and other ferroalloy factories adopt this method.
Metal manganese production methods include pyrometallurgical and wet smelting. The smelting of manganese metal by fire method began in 1959 in China. It was successfully produced by Zunyi Ferroalloy Factory for the first time using electric silicon thermal method. It has been exclusively produced so far. The production process adopts a three-step method, the first step is to form manganese-rich slag with manganese ore; the second step is to refine high-silicon-silicon-manganese alloy with manganese-rich slag, the third step is to use manganese-rich slag as raw material, and high-silicon-silicon-manganese is used as reducing agent. And lime as a flux, that is, electric silicon thermal method to make manganese metal. Wet smelting is mainly electrolytic, often called electrolytic manganese. In 1956, China built the first electrolytic manganese production plant from Shanghai 901 Factory. By the early 1990s, there were more than 50 large-scale electrolytic manganese plants, with an annual production capacity of more than 40,000 tons. The production process is roughly divided into three production processes: preparation, electrolysis and post-treatment of manganese sulfate solution. Post-treatment is a series of operations including product purification, water washing, drying, stripping, and packaging after the completion of electrolysis. Finally, qualified electrolytic manganese metal products are obtained, containing Mn 99.70% to 99.95%.
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