As the prices of oil and natural gas have risen steadily, the coal chemical industry, which uses coal as raw material, has rapidly warmed in just a few years. Coal chemical projects planned to be on and around the country continue to increase, and the scale of projects varies. Although the National Development and Reform Commission urgently stopped the coal liquefaction project and raised the threshold for entry in the second half of 2006, the enthusiasm for investing in coal chemical industry not only did not cool down, but it also appeared as a “surge phenomenon†with the strong international oil price.
The author believes that the entire process of the coal chemical project must consider the constraints of the environment and resources, otherwise the future troubles will be endless.
The development of coal chemical industry must first have sufficient coal resources for protection. The state of coal resources in China is that the total coal resources are relatively large, but there are few reserves that reach a certain depth of exploration. Compared with other coal resources, the effective supply is insufficient. According to coal resources that can be used directly and with an annual output of 2 billion tons of coal, China's coal life is only 90 to 100 years. In addition, China's energy efficiency is low, and the output efficiency per ton of standard coal is only equivalent to 10.3% in Japan and 16.8% in Europe. Therefore, we need to increase our geological exploration efforts to further increase the amount of coal available for economic use, while doing everything possible to improve energy efficiency. Without sufficient coal resources, we cannot support the development of the coal chemical industry.
Water resources are an important constraint to the development of the coal chemical industry. The per capita water resources in China are far below the world average, and the per capita possession of water resources in the coal-producing areas and the water holdings per unit of land area are only 1/10 of the national average. The large-scale coal chemical projects usually have annual water consumption of up to tens of millions of cubic meters, and the tons of water consumption is more than 10 tons, which is equivalent to the water resources of more than 100,000 population in some areas or the water resources of more than 100 square kilometers of land area. the amount. Large-scale planning of coal chemical projects in some areas will cause overcapacity on the one hand, and on the other hand will break the fragile balance of water resources in the region, directly affecting the stable development of the local economy and society and the protection of the ecological environment.
Environmental protection has also become a bottleneck in the development of coal chemical industry. Coal chemical industry is an industry with high pollution and high safety requirements. It has a long operating cycle, many and complex technological processes. Each link produces various pollutants. Although it can be recycled, most of the unrecoverable parts are poisonous and harmful. Caution may also cause major environmental safety incidents. Most of the coal chemical projects are in the main coal producing areas, where the environmental capacity is very limited, and the total amount of pollutants has been basically used up. Many of the coal chemical projects that the author has examined can prove proof that “the province can adjustâ€. Of these, it is inevitable that there are false words. This must attract great attention. According to monitoring by environmental protection agencies, particulate matter in the major coking areas in Shanxi Province is as high as 800 mg/m3, and the content of phenylpropan- ium is exceeding the standard. Chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, and other pollutants in nearby surface water are also seriously exceeded. The environmental pollution problems involved in coal chemical projects have attracted the attention of the relevant state agencies.
In addition, in the construction of coal chemical projects, the environmental impact assessment of the plan cannot be ignored, and ecological protection issues cannot be ignored. Although the "Kyoto Protocol" has not proposed a CO2 emission reduction task for China, it requires China, India and other developing countries to consciously reduce CO2 emissions. In per capita terms, China's CO2 emissions are very low, but in terms of total resources, China is already a major emitter of CO2 following the United States. An indirect coal liquefaction project with an annual output of 3 million tons of oil products, the amount of CO2 emitted from the raw material production is 8.8 million tons. If the final construction scale is to produce 10 million tons of oil products per year, the annual CO2 emissions will be 29.3 million tons. This is a very large number. With global warming, China's CO2 emissions are causing concern in the international community.
The above analysis shows that coal chemical industry is an industry with a very high starting point and must consider environmental and resource constraints. In the planning and development of coal chemical companies, it is necessary to realize that it is not possible to build coal chemical industry with resources. To study product competitiveness, we must not only consider production costs, but also pay attention to logistics costs and environmental carrying capacity. It is hoped that some local governments and coal chemical companies will be able to assess the situation and withdraw from the coal chemical boom in a timely manner so as to avoid huge economic losses.
The author believes that the entire process of the coal chemical project must consider the constraints of the environment and resources, otherwise the future troubles will be endless.
The development of coal chemical industry must first have sufficient coal resources for protection. The state of coal resources in China is that the total coal resources are relatively large, but there are few reserves that reach a certain depth of exploration. Compared with other coal resources, the effective supply is insufficient. According to coal resources that can be used directly and with an annual output of 2 billion tons of coal, China's coal life is only 90 to 100 years. In addition, China's energy efficiency is low, and the output efficiency per ton of standard coal is only equivalent to 10.3% in Japan and 16.8% in Europe. Therefore, we need to increase our geological exploration efforts to further increase the amount of coal available for economic use, while doing everything possible to improve energy efficiency. Without sufficient coal resources, we cannot support the development of the coal chemical industry.
Water resources are an important constraint to the development of the coal chemical industry. The per capita water resources in China are far below the world average, and the per capita possession of water resources in the coal-producing areas and the water holdings per unit of land area are only 1/10 of the national average. The large-scale coal chemical projects usually have annual water consumption of up to tens of millions of cubic meters, and the tons of water consumption is more than 10 tons, which is equivalent to the water resources of more than 100,000 population in some areas or the water resources of more than 100 square kilometers of land area. the amount. Large-scale planning of coal chemical projects in some areas will cause overcapacity on the one hand, and on the other hand will break the fragile balance of water resources in the region, directly affecting the stable development of the local economy and society and the protection of the ecological environment.
Environmental protection has also become a bottleneck in the development of coal chemical industry. Coal chemical industry is an industry with high pollution and high safety requirements. It has a long operating cycle, many and complex technological processes. Each link produces various pollutants. Although it can be recycled, most of the unrecoverable parts are poisonous and harmful. Caution may also cause major environmental safety incidents. Most of the coal chemical projects are in the main coal producing areas, where the environmental capacity is very limited, and the total amount of pollutants has been basically used up. Many of the coal chemical projects that the author has examined can prove proof that “the province can adjustâ€. Of these, it is inevitable that there are false words. This must attract great attention. According to monitoring by environmental protection agencies, particulate matter in the major coking areas in Shanxi Province is as high as 800 mg/m3, and the content of phenylpropan- ium is exceeding the standard. Chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, and other pollutants in nearby surface water are also seriously exceeded. The environmental pollution problems involved in coal chemical projects have attracted the attention of the relevant state agencies.
In addition, in the construction of coal chemical projects, the environmental impact assessment of the plan cannot be ignored, and ecological protection issues cannot be ignored. Although the "Kyoto Protocol" has not proposed a CO2 emission reduction task for China, it requires China, India and other developing countries to consciously reduce CO2 emissions. In per capita terms, China's CO2 emissions are very low, but in terms of total resources, China is already a major emitter of CO2 following the United States. An indirect coal liquefaction project with an annual output of 3 million tons of oil products, the amount of CO2 emitted from the raw material production is 8.8 million tons. If the final construction scale is to produce 10 million tons of oil products per year, the annual CO2 emissions will be 29.3 million tons. This is a very large number. With global warming, China's CO2 emissions are causing concern in the international community.
The above analysis shows that coal chemical industry is an industry with a very high starting point and must consider environmental and resource constraints. In the planning and development of coal chemical companies, it is necessary to realize that it is not possible to build coal chemical industry with resources. To study product competitiveness, we must not only consider production costs, but also pay attention to logistics costs and environmental carrying capacity. It is hoped that some local governments and coal chemical companies will be able to assess the situation and withdraw from the coal chemical boom in a timely manner so as to avoid huge economic losses.
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