The purpose of ore dressing is to separate and extract useful minerals (or useful constituents) from the ore to form a single man-made rich ore (or compound), so-called concentrate. The beneficiation process is accomplished by taking advantage of differences in the properties of each mineral in the ore. Gravity beneficiation is based on the difference in density between the ore particles, so the gravity, fluid dynamics and other mechanical forces in the moving medium are different, so that the process of sorting the ore particles by density is referred to as re-election. In metal ore beneficiation process, the purpose of recovering the metal of higher density than mineral gangue, then after re-sorting the product was obtained as concentrates, tailings of light products.
During the re-election process, the separation of minerals is gradually completed during the movement. That is to say, the mineral particles with different properties should have different motion conditions in the re-election equipment - the direction, speed, acceleration and movement trajectory of the movement, so as to achieve the purpose of mineral separation. At the same time, all reselection processes must be carried out in a medium. When materials composed of different sizes and densities of mineral particles move in the flowing medium, due to the difference in their properties and the different modes of medium flow, the medium resistance of the ore particles is different and their motion state is different. The ore group is not easy to loose in the static medium, and the ore particles of different density, particle size and shape are difficult to transfer to each other. Even if the layering is reached, it is difficult to achieve separation. For re-election, the role of the medium is important. The media used for reselection include air, water, heavies and resuspension.
The most used of these is water, which is available in dry morning areas where water is scarce or when dealing with certain special ores. This is called wind beneficiation. Heavy liquids are liquids of higher density than water or aqueous solutions of high density salts in which minerals can be strictly separated by density, but since such liquids are expensive, they are limited to use in the laboratory. The resuspension is a mixture of solid particles and water of higher density, and its apparent density is higher than that of the light product, and lower than the density of the heavy product, so it can play the same role as the heavy liquid. The beneficiation method using resuspension as a medium is called heavy medium beneficiation. As the density of the sorting medium increases, the difference in the movement conditions of the different mineral grains increases, and the sorting effect is better within a certain range.
In the process of re-election, although the role of the medium is very important, the role of the medium is external factors. The fundamental reason for the separation of minerals is the difference in their own properties, that is, the difference in density, particle size and shape of the particles. Density and particle size together determine the gravity of the particles and are the basic forces that drive the particles in the medium. In the process of beneficiation, the operation of separating the ore according to the density difference is the ore sorting operation. However, when the difference in density between minerals is not large, the sedimentation speed of the grit in different media may be different according to different particle sizes, and the separation by particle size is achieved. This operation is called classification operation. At this point, the shape of the ore also affects its speed of movement in the medium and is therefore an important factor in the separation process.
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