With the growing global energy shortage, various countries have vigorously advocated the concept of energy conservation and environmental protection. The use of energy-saving and environmentally friendly products in large quantities has become the direction of development in all walks of life. The automotive industry is particularly prominent in this regard.
1 Fuel consumption and fuel efficiency
At present, the state has issued a fuel consumption limit standard, which is the fuel consumption value standard, but the calculation method in the international community is different. They use the concept of fuel efficiency, rather than fuel consumption. However, our country's standard only uses fuel consumption values ​​to achieve energy conservation and environmental protection. The most popular fuel tax is now based on displacement rather than fuel efficiency.
1.1 Analysis of Factors Affecting Fuel Consumption
Why put forward the concept of fuel efficiency, and what is the difference between them and fuel economy, just change the title, let us first review several factors that affect fuel consumption.
(1) Engine: Large power, large displacement, and high fuel consumption.
(2) Matching of the transmission system: Suitable drive train matching, such as rear axle speed ratio, selection of transmission gear position and speed ratio selection, are beneficial to reduce fuel consumption.
(3) Vehicle condition and engine condition: Maintaining good vehicle condition and engine condition will help reduce the fuel consumption of the vehicle.
(4) Driver's driving habits: Often bad acceleration, sudden deceleration, and other undesirable driving habits increase fuel consumption.
(5) Operating conditions: Station distance, traffic lights, speed, passenger capacity, traffic flow, etc.
(6) Tires: In relation to rolling resistance and grip, the heat generated by tire deformation consumes energy.
(7) Vehicle load: Different states of the vehicle such as full load, half load, or no-load may affect fuel consumption.
The above factors can be changed by the driver's driving habits, while others need to be re-matched or improved the configuration of the vehicle to complete. Therefore, from the above factors, the national limit standard only adopts the engine and vehicle load standards, ignoring other factors.
1.2 Establishing the Concept of Fuel Efficiency
Currently, in the international arena, the statistical indicator for the general use of fuel economy in the automotive industry is fuel efficiency. Let us first analyze the fuel efficiency formula:
l/load × 10000km × average speed (km/h) (1)
Or: Load × Mileage (km/L) × Average Speed ​​(km/h) (2)
Inspecting fuel efficiency should first examine the amount of work done by the vehicle and the amount of time it takes to complete the work. If more fuel is used for 5%, but it is in excess of 10% of the workload, is that fuel efficiency more scientific? The algorithm. Therefore, the "L/100km" fuel consumption statistics are unscientific. They only consider the single fuel index of each vehicle in its operating condition, but do not consider the completed transportation tasks and the carrying capacity. Let's look at fuel efficiency from another angle. There is a Sweet Spot in Figure 1, but this sweet area is not the lowest fuel consumption area, but the best fuel/workload area.
The curve in Figure 1 is the BSFC (Brake Specific Fuel Consumption) curve, that is, the specific fuel consumption under braking. The specific explanation is as follows:
From the BSFC formula, we can easily see that, after removing the working hours, the BSFC is the relationship between fuel consumption and workload. The fuel consumption depends on the amount of work that can be done, that is, the amount of transport, if the transport can be completed. The more missions, the less fuel consumption will be. The Allison automatic transmission applies this concept to vehicle matching.
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2 Allison automatic transmission can effectively improve fuel efficiency
If the line is fixed, but the running time is not fixed, Allison's acceleration can play a role, that is, to increase the average daily speed, increase the vehicle usage rate, and improve the matching performance of the transmission system, thus protecting the engine. Improving the life of the drive train and reducing driveline failures. Due to the characteristics of the automatic transmission, there is no clutch. This reduces material costs and labor costs for clutch replacement, and increases the operating revenue that is lost during replacement of the clutch. The end result is improved operational efficiency and relative fuel efficiency can be improved.
The operating characteristics of buses are fixed lines and fixed operating hours, ie, the speed is fixed, and many countries are based on the monthly average speed (km/h). At the same time, the operating efficiency can be improved by increasing the life of the drive train and the cost of replacing the clutch. As the work efficiency is improved, the number of spare vehicles is reduced, and the overall investment of the entire operating company is also reduced. In New Delhi, India, the operating efficiency of Allison automatic transmissions has increased by 50%. Take Beijing Bus as an example, the number of vehicles operated has been reduced from 18,000 to 12,000.
In addition, Allison Transmission also added Reduced Engine Load at Stop (RELS), which reduces engine load when the vehicle is stopped. When the vehicle enters neutral, the impeller and turbine of the torque converter operate at the same speed. The clutch inside the gearbox is disengaged. The engine does not require extra torque to drive the vehicle; the vehicle is stopped and the vehicle is stopped. The position is not in neutral. The clutch inside the gearbox is integrated, but the turbine is running, so extra torque is needed to drive the vehicle. The engine is the load.
Due to driving habits, many drivers did not put the vehicle into neutral while parking and leaving passengers. The engine continued to inject fuel to cause additional fuel consumption. Allison's RELS function enabled the vehicle to stop when it was stopped. The engine runs without load, reducing extra fuel consumption.
Take a 30-vehicle line as an example. If a Cummins ISBe Euro IV engine is used, 1.5L of diesel will be consumed when the vehicle is stopped without hitting neutral, assuming 2h for one revolution, 27% of the parking time, and one day of operation. On 6 laps, the fuel waste of 30 vehicles a day is as follows:
2 ×27% = 0.54 (parking time/lap/car) (6)
0.54 × 1.5 = 0.81 (liter/lap/car) (7)
0.81 × 6 = 4.86 (L/day/vehicle) (8)
4.86 ×30 = 145.8 (liter/day/30 vehicles) (9)
145.8 × 30 = 4374 (L/M/30 vehicles) (10)
4374 ×12 = 52488 (l/year/30 vehicles) (11)
52488 ×6.2 = 325426 (yuan/30 vehicles) (12)
From the above calculations: Allison's RELS function can save 325,426 yuan/30 vehicles a year.
3 Allison Transmission Superior Performance
The Allison Transmission electronic control system ensures that your vehicle is always operating at maximum fuel efficiency, while the electronic control system increases vehicle safety, specifically in the following areas.
(1) The maximum number of gears can be set by simple calibration of the transmission control module. Each Allison transmission has a choice of 4, 5, 6-speed models, providing maximum flexibility for each vehicle and maximizing transmission efficiency.
(2) During driving, the driver can freely switch between power and economy according to road conditions and operating conditions.
(3) The electronically controlled shift point and the early latching engagement of the torque converter allow the gearbox to always operate at maximum efficiency, thereby reducing emissions, noise, and wear to provide greater efficiency.
(4) Rely on advanced electronic control devices and CAN-based communication transmission, Allison Transmission utilizes RELS (reduction of engine load while parking) technology, so that the engine does not need gear to disengage each time it is stopped, improving the fuel Economical, the RELS function keeps enough pressure in the transmission oil circuit and at the same time reduces the engine's additional load, thus minimizing fuel consumption.
(5) The electronic control system can realize the special safety requirements of the vehicle through the computer input and output signal settings, such as special requirements such as the door is not closed and the vehicle cannot be engaged in the forward gear.
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4 Product Advantages of Allison Transmission
In order to maintain its leading position in the passenger car market, Allison Transmission constantly strives to develop new technologies to provide users with more product advantages and increase the intrinsic value of the products.
4.1 Allison Transmission's Unique Competitive Advantage
(1) Allison T series gearboxes can select unused oil pans based on the ground clearance of vehicles with low entrance, low floor or ultra-low floor buses.
(2) The retarder can be selected according to the driving condition of the vehicle. The decelerating torque can be set and released according to the requirements for high, medium and low speed retarding torque. The retarding function can be set to on or off according to the road conditions.
(3) Allison iSCAAN system can provide vehicle manufacturers with complete vehicle performance and drive train matching calculations, and provide the best matching programs and recommendations to improve the overall performance of the vehicle.
(4) Different torque converters can be matched with different engines and can be matched with domestic or imported diesel (CNG or LPG) engines and provide the best matching solution.
(5) The RELS function saves fuel by means of reducing engine load and improves fuel economy.
4.2 Allison Shifter has special features
(1) Switch between power and economy at any time according to road conditions.
(2) The oil level and refueling amount can be determined through shifters.
(3) The shifter can be used to determine if it is necessary to change the filter element.
(4) The computer self-adaptation function can adjust the shift program according to the road conditions, load conditions and driver's driving habits; the gearbox has a pre-diagnosis function. Can diagnose the oil, filter, gearbox internal gear clutch life, diagnostic results can be read from the shifter.
(5) Allison's TranSynd oil extended oil change intervals, reducing maintenance costs.
(6) Allison transmission has OBD function and a variety of input and output functions.
(7) 98% of parts can be recycled and have good environmental protection value.
4.3 Allison Transmission iSCAAN System
The application of Allison transmission must be calculated and reviewed by Allison Transmission iSCAAN. Allison's iSCAAN is a network-based computer-based matching and analysis system. Through this system, the correct gearbox model and configuration are selected. , And assess the overall performance of the audited vehicle, and then submitted to Allison's Application Engineering Department for review, and ultimately approved under the premise of meeting the vehicle performance requirements, through the computer selection system to ensure that the vehicle is in the best run in the future Operating under conditions that allow users to experience the superior performance of Allison products.
4.4 Allison Transmission Fourth Generation Control System
The fourth-generation control system of the T-series transmission is a fully electronic control system that is compatible with the entire vehicle electronic control through the J1939 communication protocol, and can set safety functions and special functions for vehicle control according to the actual needs of the vehicle.
(1) Support vehicle driving recorder (mechanical). On the rear cover of the gearbox, according to customer needs, install mechanical or electromagnetic sensors, connected to the vehicle's drive recorder.
(2) Support vehicle driving recorder (electronic type). The gearbox control system can output pulse signals, connect the vehicle's driving recorder, and record the vehicle's operating conditions as required.
(3) Hanging suppression function. When setting the vehicle in certain conditions, the transmission cannot enter the gear position. For example, the brake pedal must be depressed to stop the gear.
(4) Automatic neutral function. When the vehicle is in certain conditions, the transmission automatically returns to neutral.
(5) Vehicle speed indication function. Set when the vehicle exceeds a certain speed, the corresponding indication of the vehicle will work (such as warning lights, buzzer, etc.). Calibration speed can be set and modified according to user requirements.
(6) Engine overspeed indication function. Set when the engine exceeds a certain speed, the corresponding indication of the vehicle will work (such as warning lights, buzzer, etc.). Calibration speed can be set and modified according to user requirements.
(7) Reverse gear safety protection. When the vehicle does not reach a certain state, the transmission cannot be reversed (for example, a specific reverse control switch is set behind the vehicle).
(8) Cruise control function. With the electronically controlled engine, set the cruise control function, can cruise at any speed.
(9) Vehicle speed limit function. In conjunction with the electronically controlled engine, the vehicle's limited speed can be arbitrarily set, and the vehicle is not allowed to speed.
(10) Self-learning function of the control system. According to changes in engine power, road conditions, driver habits, vehicle load and other external conditions, self-learning and adjustment of the control system shift mode, so that the gearbox and engine in the most appropriate conditions to run.
(11) Control program adjustment function. According to the user's requirements, the control program of the gearbox can be reset and changed through the laptop without changing the chip or controlling the computer.
(12) Allison introduced MY09 products in 2009. MY09 products are based on the fourth-generation control system to improve and strengthen the computer control system, adding many new features: transmission oil life monitoring; transmission oil Filter life monitoring; transmission life monitoring.
5 Allison Transmission Value-Added Services
When the gearbox is installed, Allison provides installation training and instructional services. After the installation is complete, installation inspection is performed to ensure that the installation specification requirements are met. Allison's OEMPA project ensures that allison transmissions are available in all vehicles. The installation of the plant remains standardized.
(1) Allison also provides different levels of training for users, including junior secondary training for drivers, primary, intermediate and advanced training for technicians and technicians.
(2) After the vehicle goes online, it provides vehicle tracking service to ensure the driver's correct driving, and adjusts shift procedures according to the characteristics of the line.
(3) Track fuel consumption analysis and adjust computer programs to achieve the best fuel economy.
All of these features extend the replacement cycle of transmission oil and filter elements, maximize the use of transmission oil and filter elements, and at the same time detect excessive wear on the transmission's internal clutch plates, the transmission health monitor will send out notifications to help users Avoid serious damage to the vehicle caused by untimely maintenance and repair, avoid high maintenance costs, make the vehicle scheduled for maintenance, reduce downtime, improve fuel efficiency, and reduce vehicle use costs.
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